Тема "ИНФИНИТИВ"

Это неличная форма глагола, обозначающая состояние.

Инфинитив имеет свойства как глагола, так и существительного.

Свойства существительного:

Инфинитив в предложении может быть:

- подлежащим

To sleep in the open air is healthy.

- дополнением

He likes to write letters to his friends.

- именной частью составного сказуемого

Her task was to look after small children.

Свойства глагола:

- за инфинитивом следует прямое дополнение

I like to read interesting books.

- инфинитив определяется наречием

It is necessary to study systematically.

- инфинитив имеет формы времени и залога

Active

Passive

Инфинитив в предложении может также быть:

- определением

I have brought you a book to read.

- обстоятельством

They went early to get good tickets.

В английском языке существуют так называемые «комплексы» - сложные обороты, состоящие из 2 или 3 частей и представляющие собой единое целое – один член предложения. Наиболее употребительные из них:

1. Complex Object - сложное дополнение

2. Complex Subject - сложное подлежащее

3. “For” construction

Complex Object (состоит из 2 частей) – существительное или местоимение в объектном падеже; - инфинитив (или герундий)

а) употребляется с частицей to после глаголов, выражающих желание, потребность, точку зрения, предположения, таких как:

to want, to wish, to like, to hate, to expect, to believe, to suppose, to know, to think, to understand, to consider, to find, to allow

I want you to translate this text.

We knew him to be very clever.

б) употребляется без частицы to после глаголов, выражающих чувственное восприятие и ощущение, таких как: to see, to hear, to feel, to watch, to notice и после глаголов to let и to make (заставлять).

We saw him get off the train.

Let him go.

Books make me think.

Complex Subject (состоит из 3 частей, переводится со 2 части) - существительное или личное местоимение; - Passive Voice глаголов is said, is found, is shown, are expected, are believed, are reported, is supposed, is known, is likely; - инфинитив

The book is considered to be very popular.

They are said to work hard over their English.

“For” construction – for; - существительное или местоимение в объектном падеже; - инфинитив

Everybody waited for the meeting to start.

It is a book for you to read.

1. Вставьте частицу to перед инфинитивом, где необходимо.

1. I like _____ dance. 2. I shall do all I can _____ help you. 3. She made me _____ repeat my words several times. 4. She did not let her mother _____ go away. 5. Do you like _____ listen to good music? 6. That funny scene made me _____ laugh. 7. My brother can _____ speak French. 8. They wanted _____ cross the river. 9. It is high time for you _____ go to bed. 10. May I _____ use your telephone? 11. What makes you _____ think you are right?

1. Переведите предложения.

1. Моя мама не разрешает мне есть много конфет.

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1. Она хочет, чтобы у меня были хорошие зубы и я был здоров.

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c) Она заставляет меня чистить зубы in the morning after breakfast and in the evening before I go to bed.

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3. Закончите предложения.

1) My mother doesn’t let me ______________________________________

2) My father made me____________________________________________

3) I heard her___________________________________________________

4) I don’t want you_______________________________________________

5) I want my mother______________________________________________

4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива.

1. He seems (to read) _______ a lot. 2. He seems (to read) _________ now. 3. He seems (to read) ________ since morning. 4. He seems (to read) ________ all the books in the library. 5. I want (to take) _______ you to the concert. 6. She hoped (to help) ________ her friends. 7. I hope (to see) ________ you soon. 8. We expect (to be) _________ back in two days. 9. The children seem (to play) ________ since morning. 10. I am glad (to do) ________ all the homework yesterday. 11. She seems (to work) _________at this problem ever since she came here. 12. I am sorry (to break) ________ your pen. 13. They are supposed (to work) _________ at the problem for the last 2 months.

5. Замените выделенные части предложений инфинитивными оборотами.

Example: The boy had many toys which he could play with.

The boy had many toys to play to.

1. Here is something which will warm you up.

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2. Here is a new brush which you will clean your teeth with.

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3. Here are some more facts which will prove that your theory is correct.

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4. Here are some tablets which will relieve your headache.

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5. Here are some articles which must be translated for tomorrow.

6. Замените придаточные предложения инфинитивными оборотами.

Example: He is so old that he cannot skate.

He is too old to skate.

1) The baby is so little that he cannot walk.

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2) She is so busy that she cannot talk with you.

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3) She has got so fat that she cannot wear this dress now.

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4) She was so foolish that she could not understand my explanation.

5) I have very little wool: it won’t make a sweater.

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6) The accident was so terrible that I don’t want to talk about it.

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7) The rule was so difficult that they did not understand it.

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7. Замените выделенные части предложений инфинитивными оборотами.

1. I need something I could write with.

I need something to write with.______________________________________

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2. I have brought you a book which you can read now, but be sure and return it by Saturday.

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3. I have no books which I can read.

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4. Is there anybody who will help you with your spelling?

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5. Don’t forget that she has a baby which she must take care of?

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6. There was nothing that he could do except go home.

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7. I have only a few minutes in which I can explain these words to you.

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8. I have an exam which I must take soon.

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9. King Lear decided to have a hundred knights who would serve him after he had divided up his kingdom.

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8. На основе глаголов, данных в скобках, образуйте герундий или инфинитив.

1. We read this novel last year. Do you remember (read) it?

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2. He forgot (bring) his passport. He left it on the table.

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3. Stop (talk); I’m trying to finish the letter.

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4. We stopped there (buy) some biscuits.

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5. You must never forget (say) “Thank you”.

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