Презентация по английскому языку "Модальные глаголы"

In the lesson you will

revise modal verbs

do grammar exercises

• Could' can be used to talk about the past, the present or the future.
• 'Could' is a past form of 'can‘
• He phoned to say he couldn't come.
• 'Could' is used to make polite requests. We can also use 'can' for these but 'could' is more polite.
• Could you help me, please?
• If we use 'could' in reply to these requests, it suggests that we do not really want to do it. If you agree to the request, it is better to say 'can'
• Of course I can.
• I could give you a lift as far as Birmingham.
• 'Could' is used to talk about theoretical possibility and is similar in meaning to 'might'.
• It could rain later. Take an umbrella.
• http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/could/exercise4.swf
• http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/could/exercise4.swf
• http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/could/exercise6.swf
• http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/could/exercise1.swf

• may

We can use 'may' to ask for permission. However this is rather formal and not used very often in modern spoken English

• May I borrow your pen? May we think about it? May I go now?

We use 'may' to suggest something is possible

• It may rain later today. I may not have time to do it today
• might

We use 'might' to suggest a small possibility of something. Often we read that 'might' suggests a smaller possibility that 'may', there is in fact little difference and 'might is more usual than 'may' in spoken English.

• She might be at home by now but it's not sure at all.
• I might not have time to go to the shops for you.
• For the past, we use 'might have'.
• He might have tried to call while I was out. I might have dropped it in the street.
• http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/maymight/exercise1.html
• http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/maymight/exercise2.html
• http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/maymight/exercise3.html
• http://esl.lbcc.cc.ca.us/eesllessons/maymight/maymightmat.htm
• http://esl.lbcc.cc.ca.us/eesllessons/maymight/maymightmat.htm

MUST

The speaker thinks it is necessary.

HAVE TO

Someone else thinks it is necessary.

I must ask my secretary to book a flight for me.

(It is important for me not to forget.)

"Dogs must be kept on a lead"

(Written on a sign in the park =

a rule which must be respected)

I have to call the travel agency.

(My boss asked me to book a flight.)

I have to keep my dog on a lead.

(That's what the sign tells me to do.)

N.B. In the negative form, the meaning changes!

http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/musthaveto/exercise2.swf

http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/musthaveto/exercise2.swf

http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/musthaveto/exercise2.swf

http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/should/exercise1.swf

http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/musthaveto/exercise4.swf

MUST NOT (MUSTN'T)

You mustn't tell George = it's important not to tell George= don't tell George

DO NOT HAVE TO (DON'T HAVE TO)

You don't have to tell George= you can tell George if you like, but it isn't necessary. It's your decision.

“ Shall” is used to make offers and suggestions and to ask for advice.

• What time shall we meet? Shall I open the window?
• http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/shall/exercise1.swf
• http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/shall/exercise2.swf
• SHOULD - OUGHT TO
• Should and ought to are interchangeable for advice and conclusions :

♦ You should / you ought to write to your grandmother.

♦ He has revised all day; he should / he ought to be ready for his exam.

Should is also used in hypothetical situations :

• ♦ Should anyone call, please take a message.
• ♦ Should you need any help, just call me.
• (In this last example, 'would' is often used today.)
• http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/should/exercise1.swf
• http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/should/exercise1.swf

http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/should/exercise2.swf

“ Need” expresses necessity.

♦ In summer, we need to drink more often. (= it is necessary for us to drink water)

♦ You needn't / you don't need to take notes. (= it isn't necessary to take notes)

♦ Need I / Do I need to do this? (= is it necessary for me to do this?)

NEEDN'T HAVE - DIDN'T NEED TO

◊ Needn't have is used to refer to an action which was performed but later turned out to be unnecessary.

♦ We needn't have rushed to the airport; the flight was delayed.

♦ He needn't have taken a sweater; the weather was war

◊ Didn't need to is used to refer to an action in the past which was not performed because there was no need for it.

♦ We didn't need to show our passports - ID cards were accepted.