Hello, guys! Welcome to Grammar Zone! My name’s Harry Jones.
My best friends Allan and Kate will help me make our lessons useful and enjoyable.
Allan: Are you doing anything this afternoon?
Kate: I’m going to the shops. I need a new pair of jeans.
Allan: Oh, I’d like to do some shopping, too. I want to buy some sports socks.
Kate: Would you like to come with me?
Allan: I can’t stand shopping with you! You go to all the shops and try hundreds of things before you buy anything! I’d rather stay at home.
Kate: Well, I’m sorry to hear that. Oh, by the way, I’m going bowling afterwards. Harry and Betty are coming. You’re not invited!
Allan: Oh, come on, Katie! Let me go with you! I love bowling!
Kate: Only if you promise to pay for me, too! That will teach you to say bad things about your best friend!
What part of speech are the highlighted words? Any ideas?
That was easy! They are all different forms of the infinitive!
In the lesson today we’ll revise what Infinitive is, its use and functions in the sentences.
So, here we go!
Infinitive is the basic form of the verb + "to".
Examples: to buy, to fish, to run, to watch, to tell, and etc.
The most famous infinitive quote is might be: "To be or not to be. That is the question."
To be is an infinitive.
The Infinitive has the following tense forms:
Active Passive
Simple (to) lose (to) be lost
Continuous (to) be losing
Perfect (to) have lost (to) have been lost
Perfect Continuous (to) have been losing
The Bare Infinitive is the infinitive without to.
The bare infinitive is used:
• after modal verbs (can, should, must, etc.).
You should apologize to your boss.
• after the verbs let/ make/ see/ hear/ feel + object
My dad lets me use his laptop.
They made him pay for the damage.
BUT in the passive be made / be heard / be seen + TO infinitive.
He was made to pay for the damage.
• after had better (… лучше бы) and would rather (… бы, пожалуй), cannot but (не могу не …).
You had better see a doctor.
I can't but think about it.
He said he would rather stay at home.
· The verbs help and know can be followed by both the infinitive with or without TO. It makes no difference in meaning.
I’ve never known him (to) be so mean.
Will you help me (to) carry these bags?
BUT in the passive be known, be helped + TO.
She was known to have worked as a shop assistant.
The TO infinitive is used:
1. to express purpose.
He went to university to become a lawyer. (in order to become)
2. after certain verbs such as:
afford
agree
aim
arrange
choose
decide
demand
expect
fail
forget
need
offer
plan
pretend
promise
refuse
want
happen
hope
learn
manage
He learnt to play the guitar when he was young.
He refused to pay the bill.
3. after adjectives which:
a) describe feelings/ emotions (happy, glad, annoyed, angry, sorry, ashamed, shocked, amused)
b) express willingness/unwillingness (anxious, eager, willing, prepared, ready, interested)
c) refer to a person’s character (kind, clever, tolerate, grateful)
He is glad to be back home again.
She is afraid to go there alone.
We are ready to start.
She was happy to win the 1st prize.
4. after would like / would love / would prefer, etc. to express a specific preference.
We’d like to have lunch now, please.
I’d like to see the manager.
5. after TOO and ENOUGH:
He’s too old to drive.
I’ve got enough money to live on.
He’s good enough to become a professional sportsman.
6. With it + be + adjective.
It was generous of him to offer 1,000 pounds.
It is nice to have a short holiday when you can.
7. after be + the first / second / next / last / best, etc.
He was the first to arrive.
She was the last to come into the classroom.
8. with so + adjective + as:
Would you be so kind as to help me to move the sofa?
9. in the expression for + noun / pronoun + to infinitive.
It is time for everybody to go to bed.
I couldn’t wait for them to finish talking.
10. in the expressions:
to tell you the truth, to begin with, to be honest.
To tell the truth, I don't know much about it.
To be honest, I don’t like her.
Allan: Now it’s time to practice the rule. Complete with the infinitive with or without TO.
1. I prefer to work alone.
2. I’m very pleased to meet you.
3. It’s nice to have someone to help with housework.
4. Rosy would like to speak to you for a minute.
5. We’d rather not buy a new car if our old one can be repaired.
6. The coach made the team believe they could win!
7. You’d better talk to a doctor about your headaches.
8. She’s too polite to make a fuss about the bad service.
That`s all for today.
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