Hello, guys! Welcome to Grammar Zone! My name’s Harry Jones.
My best friends Allan and Kate will help me make our lessons useful and enjoyable.
Harry: Come on! Ice-skating is easy! I promise to help you! Don’t be afraid of trying!
Allan: I don’t want to try! I’m not good at skating! I prefer playing computer games!
Harry: Come on! I’ll show you!
Allan: I think I’ll need another teacher…
What part of speech are the highlighted words? Nouns? Adjectives? Or maybe participles?
None of these!
In the lesson today we will revise the formation and use of the so-called –ing form or – gerund.
Gerund is a non-finite form of the verb.
Gerund (often known as an -ing form) is a noun formed from a verb by adding -ing.
But not all words formed with -ing are gerunds!
Participle
He saw a girl posing for the camera.
Noun
We're going to see the changing of the guard at Buckingham Palace.
Adjective
His speech was boring.
Gerunds can be formed from most verbs (except modal verbs).
Pay attention to the spelling!
To make the –ing form of most verbs, we add –ing at the end of the verb:
stay – staying walk – walking
For verbs that end in –e, we take away the –e and add –ing.
dance – dancing make – making
BUT! see – seeing agree – agreeing
With one-syllable verbs that end in one vowel + consonant, we double the final consonant and add –ing.
swim – swimming cut – cutting
BUT! read – reading wait – waiting
With one-syllable verbs that end in a vowel + consonant, we double the final consonant if the stress is on the 2nd syllable.
begin – beginning
BUT!
For 2-syllable verbs that end in a vowel and consonant, we don’t double the consonant if the stress is on the 1st syllable.
open – opening
Gerund has the following tense forms.
Simple |
doing |
being done |
Perfect |
having done |
having been done |
The Simple –ing form refers to the present or future.
Children are fond of playing X-Box.
The Perfect –ing form shows that the action of the –ing form happened before the action of the verb.
She learnt of his having taken the 1st prize.
We can use the simple -ing form instead of the perfect –ing form with no difference in meaning.
I remember asking / having asked her about it.
He thanked them for inviting / having invited him.
He apologized for losing / having lost my book.
The gerund is used in the following cases:
· as a noun. It can be the subject or the object of another verb.
Travelling by plane is faster than taking the car.
Careful planning is necessary in this job.
Walking is good for you!
· after certain verbs
admit |
imagine |
avoid |
involve |
consider |
keep (=continue) |
deny |
mind |
discuss |
miss |
enjoy |
practise |
excuse |
prevent |
|
report |
finish |
spend/waste/lose time or money |
forgive |
suggest |
go (for activities) |
understand, etc. |
E.g.
He avoids meeting us.
I don’t mind waiting.
Keep talking! I’m listening.
They go skating and skiing every winter.
That boy denied breaking his neighbour’s window.
After verbs that express likes/dislikes to express general preference: (like, dislike, enjoy, love, prefer, hate).
E.g.
I prefer sleeping with a light on.
He really enjoys cooking.
They love inviting people for dinner.
He hates washing the floors..
After prepositions (after, before, besides, instead of, in spite of, on, without, by).
E.g.
He passed them without saying hello.
I switched off the light before leaving.
What did he do today besides playing computer games?
He went to the meeting in spite of feeling sick.
After verbs followed by prepositions. For example:
accuse of |
insist on |
blame smb for |
object to |
forgive for |
prevent from |
congratulate on |
result in |
depend on |
succeed in |
hear of |
thank for |
|
think of |
E.g.
Thank you for telling me about it.
We look forward to hearing from you soon.
He was dreaming of becoming a pop star.
My mother objected to having a dog in the house.
He apologized for being late.
After phrasal verbs:
give up
go on
keep on
leave off
look forward to
E.g.
They went on passing the ball.
His parents told him to give up smoking.
We are looking forward to seeing you.
After adjectives followed by prepositions:
angry with |
bored with |
crazy about |
different from |
fond of |
good/bad at |
pleased at |
proud of |
sorry for |
surprised at |
thankful for |
tired of |
used to |
E.g.
He was sorry for giving them so much trouble.
I’m fed up with studying. I need a break!
Kelly is afraid of walking in the dark.
She is good at keeping secrets.
After word combinations:
It's no use ... |
It's (no) good ... |
It’s (not) worth |
There's no point (in) ... |
I can't help... |
I can't stand/bear |
what’s the use of …? |
E.g.
What’s the use of crying?
There is no sense in waiting for them here.
Sorry, I can’t help laughing. It was such a funny story!
It is worth repairing this TV. You’d better buy a new one!
She can’t stand listening to loud music.
Allan: Now it’s time to practice the rule. You know, I don’t like both skating
and skiing. I think, they’re quiet dangerous. My Dad is of the same opinion.
Complete the sentences. Use gerund.
My mum, Mrs Well, booked a winter holiday for us last January. My Dad, Mr Wells, wasn’t very keen on spending a whole week in the mountains but Mrs Wells was crazy about skiing and loved spending the whole day doing just that.
On Day 5 Mr Wells was so bored with going with his wife so he decided to stay at the hotel.
One hour later the phone rang and somebody said: “I’m sorry for disturbing you, Mr Wells, but your wife had a skiing accident and is in hospital”.
Mr Wells rushed to the hospital and a nurse took him to her room.
Mrs Wells had bandages all over her face and she was asleep.
Mr Wells stayed with her all night. He couldn’t stand seeing her like this!
Suddenly he heard her voice behind.
“What on earth are you doing here? I’ve waited for you all night!” Mrs Well was at the door standing on one leg.
“If you’re my wife, who is this woman?”. He couldn’t stop stuttering. (запинается, заикается)
“This is a Mrs Walls, not Wells! I’m in the room next door!”
That`s all for today.
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