My country is Kazakhstan

My country is Kazakhstan

The Republic of Kazakhstan is situated in the central part of the Euro- Asian continent. The area is 2753000 square kilometers. Its territory stretches from West to East for 3000 km and from North to South for 1600 km. In the West, Northwest and North Kazakhstan borders on the Russian Federation. In the South and Southwest are the Republics of Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. In the Southeast and East, there is China.

Kazakhstan consists of 14 regions, 223 districts. There are 83 cities and 204 townships. The main cities are Astana, Aktobe, Atyrau, Taraz, Pavlodar, Karagandy and Kostanai.

The population of Kazakhstan is 15 million people. People of 120 nationalities live in the country. Kazakh is the state language but Russian is officially used on an equal basis with Kazakh.

In December 1991 a new independent country – The Republic of Kazakhstan – joined the World Community. The 16 th of December is now celebrated as an Independence Day of Kazakhstan. The Republic of Kazakhstan is a unitary country with a presidential form of the Government. The first president of Kazakhstan is N.A.Nazarbayev. He became the first president in April 1990.

Kazakhstan is rich in mineral resourses oil, copper, zinc, gold and silver. Mining, machinery manufacture, the production of petro – chemicals and agriculture are important sectors of the economy. The people of the country grow grain, fruit, cotton, millet, corn.

The Republic of Kazakhstan has played a great role in the history and development of the Central Asia. In 1957, the first satellite was short into space from the Baikonur Space Centre, which lies in the steppeland of Kazakhstan.

The Republic of Kazakhstan is a member of eleven international organizations including United Nation, UNESCO, UNICEF, IMF and others.

Study the active vocabulary.

1.Read the following words after the speaker.

Ancient- древний

Remarkablе замечательный, выдающийся

Landmass- территория

Stretch тянуться

Fit- соответствовать

Multinational- многонациональный

Affirmation- подтверждение

Value- ценность

To settle- поселяться

Guarantee- гарантировать

Creation- создание

Decent- приличный

Living condition- условия жизни

To divide- делить

Comprise заключать в себе

Steppe- степь

Semi-desert- полупустыня

Desert- пустыня

Occur- иметь место, случаться, приходить в голову

Dry- сухой

Clay глина

Sandy- песчанный

Stony- каменистый

Scatter- рассыпать

Gained- обретать

Independence- независимость

Shift- перемещать, переменять

Fill in the blanks using the active vocabulary

1. Kazakhstan________almost in the centre of the Eurasian ______________.

2. Kazahstan is a ____________ ______ with population is about 17 million people.

3. The ethno-cultural __________ of the Kazakhs in no way restricts the national

Values and rights of other people’’s who live or come ____________ in the Republiс

1. The are four main vegetational - climatic zones: _________, _____,

________________ and __________.

1. The desert zone ____________ much of the plains and consists of three types of

Desert: __________, __________ and _________.

1. There are about 50,000 lakes in Kazakhstan, which ________________________________

throughout the country.

7.In 1991 on the 16th of December Kazakhstan _______________ its _________________.

Answer the following questions.

1.Where is Kazakhstan located?

2.What countries does Kazakhstan border on?

3.What is the total area of Kazakhstan?

4.Kazakhstan is a multinational state, isn't it?

5.How many provinces are there in Kazakhstan?

What are they?

6. What is the climate of Kazakhstan?

7. How many rivers does the Republic have?

What are they?

8. What are the biggest lakes of Kazakhstan?

9. When did Kazakhstan gain its independence?

Ecology in Kazakhstan.

Man is a part of nature. This is why his attitude to nature underlies his attitude to himself.

Looking around you – what do you see? What do you hear? What do you smell? If you live in a city, you probably see many people. You hear the noise of traffic, and you smell the pollution from cars and factories.

Pollution spoils our environment in many ways. Our experience of using nature revealed many “unforeseen effects”. For example, large scale irrigation schemes in Central Asia, greatly increased cotton output. But these irrigation system led to salinization and water logging of old irrigated lands and enormous expenditures on salinity control and drainage.

The technologically backward watering methods led to an excessive water intake from the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers. We faced with many ecological catastrophes both home and abroad. The tragedy of the Aral Sea and Rhine, the problem of Lake Baikal, the Chernobyl accident.

No fine could compensate from the damage inflicted on the natural environment.

It is vital to preserve the water, the soil and all species of living beings.

The main task is to preserve and to continue life on Earth. There is no more time to reflect. It is to act.

Ecology in Kazakhstan.

Study the active vocabulary:

Nature – природа

Attitude – отношение

Traffic – движение

Smell – чувстовать запах, обоняние

Pollution – загрязнение

Environment - окружающая среда

Experience - опыт

Reveal - открывать

Unforeseen - непредвиденный

Irrigation - орошение

Increased - возрастание, рост

Lead (led) - вести, проводить

Salinity - соленость

Waterlog - затоплять

Enormous - огромный

Expenditure - трата, расход

Drainage - дренаж, осушение

Backward - обратный

An excessive - чрезмерный

Damage - вред

Inflict - наносить, причинять

Vital - жизненный

Ecology in Kazakhstan.

Fill in the blanks using the active vocabulary:

1. This is why his______ to nature underlies his _______ to himself.

2. You hear the noise of traffic, and you _______ the ______ from cars and factories

3. Pollution ________ our _______ in many ways.

4. Our experience of using nature revealed many “_______”.

5. But these _______ system les to______ and_______ of old_______ lands and______ expenditures on salinity control and ________.

6. The technologically - _______ methods led to an _______ water intake from the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers.

No fine could compensate for _______ infected on the natural __________.

Wildlife.

Today the wildlife of Kazakhstan includes 158 species of mammals, 458 species of birds, 52 species of reptiles, 12 species of fish, 19 species of animals and 23 of birds.

They are included into the International Red Book of rare or endanged animals. In the mountains of Zailiiski Alatau alone, there ere about 50 species of mammals, 141 species of birds and 3 species of fish. In the steppes koulans and jeiranz graze. Deserts are inhabited with birds, marmots, wild sheep, The Tien Shan brown bear, flamingoes and swans.

Practice the pronunciation of the words.

Leopard, glasier, falcon, extinction

Talk to your partner.

Have you ever seen a leopard ?

Have you ever seen a falcon?

Have you ever seen a koulan?

What are the typical Kazakhstan animals?

What animals do you have in your village?

Typical Kazakhstan animals

Snow leopard

In Kazakhstan people always respected the leopard as the strongest and proudest animal. The beautiful wild cat is a perfect rock climber and its favourite habitat is on the mountain peaks of the Tien Shan.

Falcon – Baloban

Falcon – Balobans are hunting birds. Berkutchi –professional hunters trained the balobans chickens. This tradition still exists. The best place to see falcons in the wild is in the Altai.

Koulan

Strong and light footed have always surprised with their grace and beauty. Hunting brought these animals close to extinction.

Do you agree or disagree with the statements.

Typical Kazakhstan plants.

Blue Spruce.

The Blue Tien Shan spruces are a true decoration of the Alatau mountains. Like candles, they rise upwards reaching heights of 40-50 metres.

Saxaul.

In Kazakhstan`s steppes one can find another plant – the saxaul bush with its soft flake –like leaves. In unusually dry periods, the saxaul sheds its leaves, which fall on the sand. But as soon as the rain comes, the plant actively grows again.

The bush can be seen in the regions from Almaty to Astana and Karaganda.

Find some information about blue spruce and saxaul and write about one of them.