Инфинитив и герундий

ИНФИНИТИВ

И

ГЕРУНДИЙ

Forms of the Infinitive

Present

Active Voice

Forms of the -ing form

Passive Voice

(to) repair

Pres. Cont.

(to) be repaired

Perfect

(to) be repairing

Active Voice

Perfect Cont.

(to) have repaired

repairing

Passive Voice

being repaired 

(to) have

(to) have been repairing

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been repaired

having repaired

having been repaired

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Passive Present Continuous and Perfect Continuous Infinitives are rarely used.

The Present infinitive refers to the present or future I hope to meet her tonight.

The Present Continuous infinitive expresses an action happening now. He must be sleeping now

The Perfect Infinitive Is used to show that the action of the infinitive happened before the action of the verb. He claims to have worked here before. (First he worked here, then he claimed he had worked here)

The Perfect Continuous Infinitive Is used to emphasise the duration of the action of the Infinitive, which happened before the action of the main verb. He looks tired He seems to have been studying fly the test all right

The Present Cont, the Perfect and the Perfect Con. Infinitives are used with the verbs: appear, claim, happen, pretend, seem etc and with modal verbs, (see p. 40)

The Presenl Gerund (-ing form) refers to the present or future. Ann envoys walking m the woods

The Perfect Gerund (ing form) shows that the action of the -ing form has happened before the action of the main verb. We can use the Present Gerund instead of the Perfect Gerund without a difference in meaning. He denied having killed James. or He denied kitting James