Тема презентации: "7 чудес света"

BPOU OO "Bolhov teachers College»

Seven wonders

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Bolkhov,2019г

Seven wonders

Seven wonders

In all ages, people were proud and carefully guarded the achievements of their civilizations. The memory of these achievements has reached our days, becoming the property of world history. The seven wonders of the world is a classic list of outstanding human creations.An interesting fact is that it was well known even before our era. In ancient schools, children were taught different Sciences, and knowledge of the 7 wonders of the world was mandatory.In this article we will give you not only a list of 7 wonders of the world, but also make a brief description of each of them.

Seven wonders

The Great Pyramid of Giza

The Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops) is the largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact.

Located on the Giza plateau in the vicinity of the Egyptian capital and at the base of the Nile Delta; the northernmost of the three great pyramids of the plateau, bearing the names of the three pharaohs of the Ancient Kingdom, the alleged customers of construction-Cheops, khafren (Khafra) and Mikerin (Menkaura). These pyramids were built in the vicinity of the cities of Memphis (the capital of the Ancient Kingdom) and Heliopolis for millennia before the founding of Cairo[1]. For more than three thousand years (until the construction of the Cathedral in Lincoln, England, circa 1300), the Great pyramid was the tallest building on Earth. Since 1979, like many other pyramids of the complex "Memphis and its necropolis-the area of the pyramids from Giza to Dahshur", is part of the UNESCO world heritage site.

Seven wonders

The Colossus of Rhodes

The Colossus of Rhodes was a statue of the Greek sun-god Helios, erected in the city of Rhodes, on the Greek island of the same name, by Chares of Lindos in 280 BC. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, it was constructed to celebrate Rhodes' victory over the ruler of Cyprus, Antigonus I Monophthalmus, whose son Demetrius I of Macedon unsuccessfully besieged Rhodes in 305 BC. According to most contemporary descriptions, the Colossus stood approximately 70 cubits, or 33 metres (108 feet) high—the approximate height of the modern Statue of Liberty from feet to crown—making it the tallest statue of the ancient world. It collapsed during the earthquake of 226 BC; although parts of it were preserved. In accordance with a certain oracle, the Rhodians did not build it again. John Malalas wrote that Hadrian in his reign reerected the Colossus, but he was wrong.

As of 2015, there are tentative plans to build a new Colossus at Rhodes Harbour, although the actual location of the original remains in dispute.

Seven wonders

The Lighthouse of Alexandria

The Lighthouse of Alexandria, sometimes called the Pharos of Alexandria, was a lighthouse built during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus.

It was constructed in the 3rd century BC on the island of Pharos. For many centuries it was one of the tallest man-made structures in the world.

The Lighthouse of Alexandria, sometimes called the Pharos of Alexandria, was a lighthouse built by the Ptolemaic Kingdom, during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (280–247 BC), which has been estimated to be 100 metres (330 ft) in overall height. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, for many centuries it was one of the tallest man-made structures in the world.

The lighthouse was severely damaged by three earthquakes between AD 956 and 1323 and became an abandoned ruin. It was the third longest surviving ancient wonder (after the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus and the extant Great Pyramid of Giza), surviving in part until 1480, when the last of its remnant stones were used to build the Citadel of Qaitbay on the site.

In 1994, French archaeologists discovered some remains of the lighthouse on the floor of Alexandria's Eastern Harbour. In 2016 the Ministry of State of Antiquities in Egypt had plans to turn submerged ruins of ancient Alexandria, including those of the Pharos, into an underwater museum.

Seven wonders

The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (Bodrum, Turkey), was a massive tomb built in the 4th century BC for Mausolus, the ruler of Caria.

The mausoleum at Halicarnassus or mausoleum tomb was a tomb built between 353 and 350 BC in Halicarnassus (present-day Bodrum, Turkey) for mausoleum , a Satrap in the Persian Empire, and his sister-wife Artemisia II of Caria . The structure was designed by Greek architects Satyros and Pythias of Priene. its elevated tomb structure is derived from the tombs of nearby Lycia, the territory of the mausoleum was captured and annexed around 360 BC, such as the Nereid monument. The mausoleum was approximately 45 m (148 ft) high, and the four sides were decorated with sculptural reliefs , each created by one of the four Greek sculptors: Leochar , Bryaxis , Scopas Paros and Timothy. the finished structure of the mausoleum was considered such an aesthetic triumph that Antipater of Sidon identified it as one of his Seven wonders of the ancient world . It was destroyed by successive earthquakes from the 12th to the 15th century, the last surviving of the six destroyed wonders.

Seven wonders

The Temple of Artemis

The temple of Artemis or Artemis, also known less accurately as the temple of Diana, was a Greek temple dedicated to the ancient, indigenous form of the goddess Artemis (related to Diana, the Roman goddess). It was located in Ephesus (near the modern city of Selcuk in modern Turkey). It was fully restored twice, once after a devastating flood and three hundred years after an act of arson, and in its final form was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient world . By 401 ad, it had been destroyed or destroyed. Only the foundations and fragments of the last temple remain on this site.The earliest version of the temple (Temenos) is many years ahead of Ionian immigration and dates to the bronze age . Callimachus, in his hymn to Artemis, attributed it to the Amazons . In the 7th century BC it was destroyed by a flood. Its reconstruction, in a more grandiose form, began around 550 BC, under the direction of the Cretan architect Chersifron and his son Metagenes . The project was funded by Croesus of Lydia, and it took 10 years to complete. This version of the temple was destroyed in 356 BC by Herostratus in an arson attack .The next, largest and last form of the temple, financed by the Ephesians themselves, is described in Antipater of Sidon's list of the Seven wonders of the world

Seven wonders

The Statue of Zeus at Olympia

Statue of Zeus at Olympia was a giant seated figure, about 12 m (39 ft) tall, made by the Greek sculptor Phidias around 435 BC at the sanctuary of Olympia, Greece, and erected in the Temple of Zeus there.

A chryselephantine sculpture of ivory plates and gold panels on a wooden framework, it represented the god Zeus on a cedarwood throne ornamented with ebony, ivory, gold and precious stones.

One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the statue was lost and destroyed during the 5th century AD; details of its form are known only from ancient Greek descriptions and representations on coins.

Seven wonders

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World as listed by Hellenic culture, described as a remarkable feat of engineering with an ascending series of tiered gardens containing a wide variety of trees, shrubs, and vines, resembling a large green mountain constructed of mud bricks, and said to have been built in the ancient city of Babylon, near present-day Hillah, Babil province, in Iraq. Its name is derived from the Greek word kremastós (κρεμαστός, lit. "overhanging"), which has a broader meaning than the modern English word "hanging" and refers to trees being planted on a raised structure such as a terrace.

According to one legend, the Hanging Gardens were built alongside a grand palace known as The Marvel of Mankind, Neo-Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II (who ruled between 605 and 562 BC), for his Median wife Queen Amytis, because she missed the green hills and valleys of her homeland. This was attested to by the Babylonian priest Berossus, writing in about 290 BC, a description that was later quoted by Josephus. The construction of the Hanging Gardens has also been attributed to the legendary queen Semiramis, who supposedly ruled Babylon in the 9th century BC, and they have been called the Hanging Gardens of Semiramis as an alternative name.

The Hanging Gardens are the only one of the Seven Wonders for which the location has not been definitively established. There are no extant Babylonian texts that mention the gardens, and no definitive archaeological evidence has been found in Babylon. Three theories have been suggested to account for this. One: that they were purely mythical, and the descriptions found in ancient Greek and Roman writings (including those of Strabo, Diodorus Siculus and Quintus Curtius Rufus) represented a romantic ideal of an eastern garden. Two: that they existed in Babylon, but were completely destroyed sometime around the first century AD. Three: that the legend refers to a well-documented garden that the Assyrian King Sennacherib (704–681 BC) built in his capital city of Nineveh on the River Tigris, near the modern city of Mosul.