Сравнительный анализ лекарственных форм: спрей и аэрозоль

Gas dosage forms. Spray and aerosol. Basic concepts and terms.

completed by students:

Temirbek Nazym,

Kulbayeva alua,

Nuraly samal,

Toganasova dinara.

• Spray as a dosage form (LF) is now very actively beginning to be used in medical practice. This is due to the development of high-performance and high-quality microprocessors (micropumps), ensuring the creation of a gas-liquid jet with certain parameters.
• Spray as a dosage form (LF) is now very actively beginning to be used in medical practice. This is due to the development of high-performance and high-quality microprocessors (micropumps), ensuring the creation of a gas-liquid jet with certain parameters.

The spray actually replaces the aerosol, which was used especially for the treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract. So, we have converted the following preparations into spray form: ingalipt, kameton, proposol, which have been and are being produced now by a number of enterprises in the form of an aerosol.

The main advantages of the spray form are as follows:

• spray allows the use of medicinal substances in cases where they are introduced through the gastrointestinal tract;
• - application of substances in the form of a spray on the skin, mucous membranes or inhalations can reduce the side effect of drugs that occurs when they are administered parenterally;
• there is no danger of contamination of the drug from the outside, as the balloon is sealed. It also prevents the drug from drying out and protects hygroscopic substances from moisture;
• - provides accurate dosage when using metering valves;

• - drugs in the dosage form of the spray lead to a rapid the rapeutic effect. Sometimes the action comes as quickly as with intravenous administration;
• - during dispersion, the chemical and, therefore, pharmacological activity of the drug is increased, as a result, the therapeutic effect can be obtained with a lower dose of the drug;
• - small particle size causes a high degree of their penetration into the folds, pockets, cavities and other hard-to-reach places on the skin, mucous membranes and in the respiratory tracТ
• - the method of application is convenient and fast.

The dosage form of the aerosol is a more “rigid” form than the spray, in terms of side effects. Nevertheless, this feature of aerosols, such as the generation of particles of optimal size, is very important, which makes them practically no alternative means in the treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.

Western companies practically do not offer aerosols to treat the upper respiratory tract. Spray came to replace the aerosol. At the same time, depending on the type of drug and its purpose, various forms of microdispensers can be used. On the picture . 1 shows the most common microdosing devices: for external use (a), local application in the oral cavity (b) and for intranasal administration (c).

In addition, firms developed and manufactured the entire technological line of equipment, which is necessary for the production of medicines in the form of a spray. Figure 3 shows the main positions of the equipment used in the spray manufacturing process .:

• - automatic on-off sink (a);
• - sterilization tunnel bushing type (b);
• - automatic filling and capping line, the main element of which is the device for orientation and capping of micro dosing devices (c);
• - automatic labeling installation with a three-line dater (g).

The main advantage of spray products is compactness and ease of use, more pleasant taste sensations during administration (due to the absence of carrier gas). Due to the design features of the microdosing unit, the tightness of the package is ensured, as well as the possibility of more accurate dosing. The transparency of the vials allows visual inspection of the quantity and quality of the substance in the vial. At the same time, the possibility of unauthorized opening of the bottle is excluded.

• Aerosols (from the Greek. "Aero" air and "zol" solution is mute. From the Latin. Solutio solution) the smallest droplets of liquid or solid particles suspended in a gaseous medium. According to the technology, the aerosol is a medicine in a pressurized sealed container. And from a medical point of view, the method of use of the drug, the action of which is manifested in a dispersed state.

The wide popularity of the use of pharmaceutical aerosols in medical practice is determined primarily by their high therapeutic efficacy, ease of use and cost-effectiveness.

Important for the issuance of an aerosol product are scattering or evacuating gases, with which pressure is created inside the vessels. These gases are called propellants. Propellants are classified according to the pressure of saturated vapors, according to the state of aggregation under normal conditions and chemical nature. Depending on the pressure of saturated vapors, they are divided into two groups: basic, capable of creating independently pressure of at least 2 atm., And auxiliary, creating pressure.

The advantages of the aerosol dosage form:

1. The use of aerosols is convenient, aesthetic, hygienic

2. An accurate dosage of medication is ensured when using dosing devices.

3. It leads to a rapid therapeutic effect at a relatively low cost of drugs.

4. The aerosol can is hermetically sealed, which prevents contamination of the drug from the outside.

5. Aerosol can protects the drug from drying out, the action of light and moisture.

6. Throughout the shelf life of the aerosols retain sterility.

7. With a large number of manipulations, the number of attendants is reduced.

The initial substances for the preparation of aerosol drugs are various drugs and excipients that allow them to be released from the packaging in various forms, in accordance with their purpose (on the skin, orally, rectally, vaginally). Medicinal aerosols are divided into pharmaceutical and medical.

• Aerosols have some drawbacks:
• Aerosols have some drawbacks:

• relatively high cost;
• the possibility of an explosion of the cylinder upon impact or high temperature;
• indoor air pollution drugs.

However, despite the shortcomings, the use of aerosols in medical practice is considered progressive.

Pharmaceutical aerosols are a finished dosage form consisting of a balloon, a valve-spray system and contents of different consistency, which can be propelled out of the balloon with the help of a propellant. The composition of the aerosol includes medicinal, excipients and one or more propellants. By appointment, pharmaceutical aerosols are classified into inhalation, otolaryngologichesky, dermatologicheskie, stomatologicheskie, proctologicheskie, gynecologichesky, ophthalmologicheskie, special purpose (diagnosticheshsky, dressings, hemostatic, etc.).