Spotlight 8 Module 2c

2 с

Spotlight 8

Present Perfect Tense

Have

V 3/Ved

Has

I have washed the dishes.

He has eaten fruit.

Action happened at the unstated moment in the past.

Действие в неопределенный момент в прошлом.

They have had an argument. (When? We don’t know)

Recently completed actions.

Недавно завершенные действия.

He has cleaned his room. (the action is complete, the room is clean)

Actions happened in the past with the visible result at present.

Действие в прошлом имеет видимый результат в настоящем.

She has cut her hair and she looks very different now.

Action started in the past and continues at present.

Действие началось в прошлом, продолжается в настоящем.

We have known her for 3 years.

time expressions

Just

Already

Yet

Ever

Never

For

Since

Present Perfect Continuous

Настоящее совершенное продолженное время

Have

Ving

Been

Has

Long action started in the past and continues at present.

Длительное действие началось в прошлом, продолжается в настоящем.

We have been trying to find tickets for the concert for 3 weeks.

Actions started in the past and lasted for some time with the visible result at present.

Действие началось в прошлом, длилось некоторое время и имеет видимый результат в настоящем.

His clothes are dirty because he has been repairing his car.

Since, for, how long

Articles

Артикли

Indefinite

Definite

Неопределенный

Определенный

A / An

The

Indefinite article

Неопределенный артикль

A / An

Countable nouns in singular

Исчисляемые существительные в единственном числе

The meaning of “one”

В значении «один»

When we speak about the object for the first time

Когда предмет упоминается впервые

I want to buy a dress.

Definite article

Определенный артикль

The

Nouns in singular and plural

Существительные в единственном и множественном числе

The cat / the cats

Surnames in the meaning of “family”

Фамилии в значении «семья»

The Green

Parts of the world

Стороны света

the North

the West

the East

the South

The Canaries

Rivers, seas, oceans, groups of islands

Реки, моря, океаны,

группы островов

The Pacific Ocean

The Black Sea

The Thames

Ships

Корабли

The Titanic

The cruiser Aurora

Mountain chains Горные массивы

The Andes, the Caucasus Mountains

Countries with words: republic, union, kingdom, federation

Страны, названия которых включают слова: republic, union, kingdom, federation

the Russian Federation

the United States

The United Kingdom

the Kara-Kum

Deserts

Пустыни

the Kalahari

the Gobi

the Sahara

The Namib

Theatres, museums, galleries, palaces

Театры, музеи, галереи, дворцы

the Taj Mahal

the Louvre

the State Hermitage Museum

the Bolshoi Theatre

Famous works of art

Известные произведения

искусства

The Mona Lisa

The Moonlight Sonata

Hotels, restaurants

Отели, рестораны

The Marriott Hotel

The Sky Restaurant

Newspapers

Газеты

Unique objects

Уникальные объекты

The Koran

The Bible

The Moon

Head of state

Главы государств

The President

The Queen

NO article

Без артикля

Continents

Континенты

Asia

Africa

South America

Australia

Europe

North America

Lakes

Озера

Lake Baikal

Countries

Страны

Egypt

Sport

Спорт

Football

Cities

Города

New York

Holidays

Праздники

Christmas

Streets

Улицы

Oxford Street

Colours

Цвета

Green

Parks

Парки

Hyde park

Drinks

Напитки

Tea

Mountains

Горы

Mount Elbrus

Mount Vesuvius

Mount Everest

Days of the week

Months

Дни недели

Месяцы

Monday

May

Airports

Острова

Аэропорты

Island

Sheremetyevo

Crete