Контрольная работа

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА

1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

WHAT IS ECONOMICS?

Economics is as old as the human race: it is probably the first art which man acquired. When some cavemen went out to hunt while others remained to defend the fire or when skins were traded for flint axes we had economics. But economics as an academic discipline is relatively new: the first major book on economics Adam Smithґs “The Wealth of Nations” was published in 1776. Since that time the subject has developed rapidly and there are now many branches of the subjects such as microeconomics, international economics and econometrics as well as many competing schools of thought.

There is an economic aspect to almost any topic we care to mention of education. Economics is a comprehensive theory of how society works. But as such it is difficult to define. The great classical economics Alfred Marshall defined economics as “the study of a man in the everyday business of life”.

This is rather too vague a definition. Any definition should take account of the guiding idea in economics which is scarcity. Virtually everything is scarce; not just diamonds or but also bread and water. How can we say this? The answer it that one only has to look around the world to realize that there are not enough resources to give people all they want. It is not only the very poor who feel deprived; even the relatively well-off seem to want more. Thus when we use the word `scarcity' we mean that:

All resources are scarce in the sense that there are not enough to fill everyone's wants to the point of satiety.

We therefore have limited resources both in rich countries and poor countries. The economist's job is to evaluate the choices that exist for the use of these resources. Thus we have another characteristic of economics: it is concerned with choice.

1. Найдите русские эквиваленты следующим словам:

Human race, academic discipline, international economics, competing schools,

comprehensive theory, to feel deprived, scarcity, to be concerned, to evaluate.

1. Найдите английские эквиваленты следующим словам:

«Богатство Наций», ветви науки, эконометрика, смутный, руководящая идея, зажиточный, точка насыщения, характеристика экономики.

1. Дополните предложения, использую обороты there is/are или форму глаголов to have, to be. Письменно переведите предложения.

1. ________ no money for the operation.

2. Oil _______ an important commodity in modern economies.

3. A license ________ a legal agreement.

4. Directors ________ responsible for the management of a company’ affairs.

5. As a rule a private company _______ only one director.

1. Дополните предложения, используя глагол в Present Simple. Письменно переведите предложения.

1. This company ______ various goods. (deliver)

2. Canada _______ its wheat to Argentina. (ship)

3. The economy _______ millions of people. (comprise)

4. A retailer ________ the product to wholesalers. (sell)

5. Companies ________ their product to the foreign countries. (export)

1. Письменно переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.

1. Экономическая система страны обычно называется национальной экономикой.

2. Банковская способность создавать средства безналичного расчета ограничена.

3. Очень немногие компании не принимают участие в международном бизнесе.

4. На рынке есть небольшие изменения.

5. Существуют два способа, чтобы произвести обмен валюты.