Infectious diseases

What is the  signs of cytolysis of liver function test are:

Which  statement is  incorrect about viral hepatitis D:

The small known articulate protein leading to enhanced replication of HBV as well as HIV is

True about immune response of hepatitis B is

Which of the following represents the serologic evidence of recent Hepatitis B virus infection during “window” period?

Which of the following correctly indicates the infectivity of hepatitis virus in human?

Hepatitis A virus is best diagnosed by:

1- A 70-year-old male presents with a complaint of fatigue. There is no history of alcohol abuse or liver disease; the patient is on no medication. Scleral icterus is noted on physical exam. There is no evi- dence for chronic liver disease on physical exam, and the liver and spleen are nonpalpable. The patient is noted to have a normo- cytic, nomochromic anemia. The first step in evaluation of this patient would be :

The patient above is noted to have conjugated hyperbilirubi- nema, with bilirubin detected in the urine. Serum bilirubin 12 mg/dL, AST and ALT in normal range, and alkaline phosphatase 300 U/L. The next step in evaluation would be

A nursing student has just completed her hepatitis B vaccine series. On reviewing her laboratory studies and assuming she has no prior exposure to hepatitis B, you would expect:

What is the most severe complication associated with Hepatitis D superinfection in individuals with chronic Hepatitis B?

Which method is primarily used to diagnose active Hepatitis D infection?

Hepatitis E can be controlled in the community by which two of the following?

Ingested E. coli O157:H7 produces high levels of toxins in the large intestine. These toxins are closely related to those produced by which of the following organisms

Duration of excretion of enteroviruses with feces

12. In developed countries, Salmonella typhi is most likely transmitted via which of the following pathways? 

13. What is the key step in the lV life cycle that involves the conversion of viral RNA into DNA?
 

A persons 28 y.o., became ill sharply, when a chill, feeling of heat, increase body temperature to 38,5 °C, spastic pain in a left hypogastria area, frequent liquid stool. The excrements have the appearance of bloody-mucous mass (lumps of mucus with the blood). At palpation: abdomen is painful in its left half, a spastic sigmoid colon. What is the previous diagnosis?

The IgM response occurs earlier in the illness, generally peaking at 7-10 days after infection, and usually disappears within a few weeks, but for some infections it can  persist for months such as

Botulism can occur when neurotoxin is elaborated in vivo by C. botulinum (ie, wound botulism) or when preformed neurotoxin is acquired in an external source (ie, ingestion of food). Which of the following foods is the most common source of ingested toxin?