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. Inner Circle countries (Kachru, 1990)

the United States, About ... million people have learned English as a first or native language and use English on a regular basis (Crystal, 2012)

The United States, United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand are ... Circle countries

Where English is the dominant language of education, government, and other institutions

Another ...-... million people live in "Outer Circle" (Crystal, 2012),where English serves a variety of functions in education, government, literature and popular culture

A number of factors can affect the success of an EYL program. As Pinter points out (2006), these include the status of English in the country or region, the goals of English education, and ...

As Nunan (1999) has remind us, programms to teach English to young need to be "carefully planned, adequately supported and resourced, and closely monitored and evaluated". Children receive short sessions in which they learn basic words or phrases in one or more languages. The mai goal of this program is to increase children's awareness of other languages and cultures and thus of their own.

Inner Circle

The populations have learned English as a second language (ESL), and have developed their own varieties of English

Expanding Circle-

This program expect children to study a language for at least two years,often throughout the primary grades.

Through music, songs, and stories, children may learn the numbers, colors,and greetings in a foreign language. The focus is on exploring or experiencing languages, rather than developing proficiency in these languages.

The goal of this program is to help children listening and speaking skills in another  language as well as reading and writing.

Children can develop "basic language-learning skills" that will help them as they continue to study the language in secondary school.

Learning is an active process carried out through…

According to Shin and Crandal in most countries around the world English is introduced compulsory by ... grade

Today, one ... or more people speak some English (Crystal, 2012)

In content-based or content-enriched ...programs, content from other subjects from the school curriculum (mathematics, science, social studies) is taught in the foreign language.

The largest number, estimated at ... million to a billion English speakers (Crystal, 2012)live in "Expanding Circle" countries

China, Korea, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Germany, Sweden, Chile, Brazil, Mexico are ... Circle countries

Where English has no official function and opportunities to use English are usually only with those who do not share the same mother tongue

According to Crystal (2012), there are ... times as many nonnative speakers as there are native speakers of English.

The goal of this program is additive bilingualism. The program include two teachers, each speaking one of the languages, (f.e.one English, the other Spanish) take some of their instructionthrough each language.

Children become bilingual, bicultural and biliterate in this program.

The goal of this program is to help children transition from their first language into after three years of bilingual instruction. This program model does not support continued literacy or development of their native language after the initial years of native language use.

In order to find the right approach for teaching young learners English, it is important to explore the following: characteristics of young learners, how children learn and ...

Foreign language in the elementary school. Which program is it?

Piaget's stages of cognitive development say: children are 0-2 years old. They show intelligence through physical interactions and experience. They have limuted use of symbols and language.

Piaget's stages of cognitive development say: children are 2-7 years old. They show intelligence through strides they make in language development. They are extremely egocentric and have difficulty seeing things from another's perspective.

The goal of these ... ... is for children to develop functional proficiency in another language without loss of the native language.

In partial ... programs it immerses children in another language as a medium of instruction at least in some subjects.  In a total English ... program, children study all of their subjects (except their own language) through English.