Презентация "Modern inventions in our life" 9кл

MODERN INVENTIONS IN OUR LIFE

The motto of the lesson

“ Necessity is the mother of the inventions”

“ Experience is the mother of wisdom”

Ten Great Inventors and their Inventions

Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was

the American founder of the Ford Motor Company

and father of modern assembly lines used in mass

production. His introduction of the Model T automobile

revolutionized transportation and American industry. He

was a prolific inventor and was awarded 161 U.S. patents.

As owner of the Ford Company he became one of the richest

and best-known people in the world. He is credited

with "Fordism", that is, the mass production of large

numbers of inexpensive automobiles using the assembly line,

coupled with high wages for his workers. Ford had a global

vision, with consumerism as the key to peace. Ford did not

Believe in accountants; he amassed one of the world's largest

fortunes without ever having his company audited under

his administration. Henry Ford's intense commitment

to lowering costs resulted in many technical and business

innovations, including a franchise system that put a dealership

in every city in North America, and in major cities on six

continents.

Ten Great Inventors and their Inventions

Valdemar Poulsen (November 23, 1869, in Copenhagen

– July 23, 1942) was a Danish engineer. He developed

a magnetic wire recorder in 1899. The magnetic recording

was demonstrated in principle as early as 1898 by

Valdemar Poulsen in his Telegraphone. Magnetic wire

recording, and its successor, magnetic tape recording,

involve the use of a magnetizable medium which moves

past a recording head. An electrical signal, which is

analogous to the sound that is to be recorded, is fed

to the recording head, inducing a pattern of magnetization

similar to the signal. A playback head (which may be

the same as the recording head) can then pick up

the changes in the magnetic field from the tape and

convert them into an electrical signal. Poulsen obtained

a Telegraphone Patent in 1898, and with his assistant,

Peder O. Pedersen, later developed other magnetic

recorders that recorded on steel wire, tape, or disks.

Ten Great Inventors and their Inventions

Alexander Graham Bell (3 March 1847 – 2 August 1922)

was an eminent scientist, inventor and innovator who is widely

credited with the invention of the telephone. His father,

grandfather and brother had all been associated with work

on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf,

profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing

and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices

that eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S.

patent for the invention of the telephone in 1876. In reflection,

Bell considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real

work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study.

Upon Bell's death, all telephones throughout the United States

"stilled their ringing for a silent minute in tribute to the man

whose yearning to communicate made them possible. Many other

inventions marked Bell's later life including groundbreaking work

in hydrofoils and aeronautics. In 1888, Alexander Graham Bell

became one of the founding members of the National Geographic

Society.

Ten Great Inventors and their Inventions

The Wright brothers , Orville (August 19, 1871 –

January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867 –

May 30, 1912), were two Americans who are generally

credited with inventing and building the world's first

successful airplane and making the first controlled, powered

and sustained heavier-than-air human flight on 17 December

1903. In the two years afterward, the brothers developed

their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft.

Although not the first to build and fly experimental aircraft,

the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls

that made fixed wing flight possible. The brothers' fundamental

breakthrough was their invention of "three axis-control", which

enabled the pilot to steer the aircraft effectively and to maintain

its equilibrium. This method became standard and remains standard

on fixed wing aircraft of all kinds. From the beginning of their

aeronautical work, the Wright brothers focused on unlocking the

secrets of control to conquer "the flying problem", rather than

developing more powerful engines as some other experimenters did.

Their careful wind tunnel tests produced better aeronautical data

than any before, enabling them to design and build wings and propellers

more effective than any before. Their U.S. patent 821,393 claims the

invention of a system of aerodynamic control that manipulates a flying

machine's surfaces.

Ten Great Inventors and their Inventions

John Logie Baird (August 13, 1888 – June 14, 1946)

was a Scottish engineer and inventor of the world's first

working television system. Although Baird's electromechanical

system was eventually displaced by purely electronic systems

(such as those of Vladimir Zworykin and Philo Farnsworth),

his early successes demonstrating working television

broadcasts and his colour and cinema television work earn

him a prominent place in television's invention. Baird was

born in Helensburgh, Argyll, Scotland. He was educated at

Larchfield Academy (now part of Lomond School),

Helensburgh; the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical

College (which later became the University of Strathclyde);

and the University of Glasgow. His degree course was

interrupted by World War I and he never returned

to graduate.

Ten Great Inventors and their Inventions

Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov (often transliterated as Sergei Korolev ,

(January 12 [O.S. December 30 1906] 1907, Zhy tomyr – January 14, 1966,

Moscow), was the head Soviet rocket engineer and designer during

the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union

in the 1950s and 1960s. He invented the R-7 rocket. Although trained

as an aircraft designer, Korolyov's greatest strengths proved to be in

design integration, organization and strategic planning. A victim

of Stalin's 1938 Great Purge, he was imprisoned for almost six

years, including some months in a Siberian gulag. Following his release,

he became a rocket designer and a key figure in the development of

the Soviet ICBM program. He was then appointed to lead the Soviet

space program, given a rank of Academician (Member of Soviet Academy

of Sciences), overseeing the early successes of the Sputnik and Vostok

projects. By the time he died unexpectedly in 1966, his plans to compete

with the United States to be the first nation to land a man on the Moon

had begun to be implemented. Before his death he was often referred

to only as "Chief Designer", because his name and his pivotal role in the

Soviet space program had been held to be a state secret by the

Politburo. Only many years later he was publicly acknowledged as the

lead man behind Soviet success in space.

Ten Great Inventors and their Inventions

Michael Faraday , FRS ( 22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867)

was an English chemist and physicist (or natural philosopher,

in the terminology of the time) who contributed to the fields

of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. Faraday studied

the magnetic field around a conductor carrying a DC electric

current, and established the basis for the magnetic field

concept in physics. He discovered electromagnetic induction,

diamagnetism, and laws of electrolysis. He established that

magnetism could affect rays of light and that there was an

underlying relationship between the two phenomena. His

inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the

foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely

due to his efforts that electricity became viable for use in

technology.

Ten Great Inventors and their Inventions

Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931)

was an American inventor and businessman who developed many

devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including

the phonograph and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb.

Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park" by a newspaper reporter, he was

one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production

and large teamwork to the process of invention, and therefore is often

credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.

Edison is considered one of the most prolific inventors in history,

holding 1,093 U.S. patents in his name, as well as many patents

in the United Kingdom, France and Germany. He is credited with

numerous inventions that contributed to mass communication and,

in particular, telecommunications. His advanced work in these fields

was an outgrowth of his early career as a telegraph operator.

Edison originated the concept and implementation of electric-power

generation and distribution to homes, businesses, and factories –

a crucial development in the modern industrialized world. His first

power plant was on Manhattan Island, New York.

Ten Great Inventors and their Inventions

Sir Isaac Newton, FRS (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727

[OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726]) was an English physicist,

mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, theologian

and one of the most influential men in human history. His Philosophi e

Naturalis Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, is considered to

be the most influential book in the history of science. In this work,

Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion,

laying the groundwork for classical mechanics, which dominated the

scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries

and is the basis for modern engineering. Newton showed that the

motions of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by

the same set of natural laws by demonstrating the consistency between

Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation, thus

removing the last doubts about heliocentrism and advancing

the scientific revolution.

Ten Great Inventors and their Inventions

Alfred Bernhard Nobel (Stockholm, 21 October 1833

• Sanremo, Italy, 10 December 1896) was a Swedish chemist,
• engineer, innovator, armaments manufacturer and the inventor
• of dynamite. He owned Bofors, a major armaments manufacturer,
• which he had redirected from its previous role as an iron and steel
• mill. In his last will, he used his enormous fortune to institute
• the Nobel Prizes. The synthetic element nobelium was named after
• him. Nobel found that when nitroglycerin was incorporated in
• an absorbent inert substance like kieselguhr (diatomaceous earth)
• it became safer and more convenient to handle, and this mixture
• he patented in 1867 as dynamite. Nobel demonstrated his explosive
• for the first time that year, at a quarry in Redhill, Surrey, England.
• Nobel later on combined nitroglycerin with another explosive,
• gun-cotton, and obtained a transparent, jelly-like substance,
• which was a more powerful explosive than dynamite. Gelignite,
• or blasting gelatin as it was branded, was patented in 1876, and
• was followed by a host of similar combinations, modified by the
• addition of potassium nitrate and various other substances.

The Keys

1. E 6. D

2. F 7. H

3. C 8. A

4. G 9. B

5. I 10. J

N I E L T I O S V E

TELEVISION

John Logie Baird

When

Who

Did

… didn’t he?

Where

… , wasn’t he?

What

… or…

How

Television in Our Life

The first commercial television broadcast was made on April 20, 1939 by Radio Corporation of America (RCA). Since 1939, it has become one of the most important facts of modern life. Television is very much a part of the modern world. Its effects are felt all over the world.

Television is a reflection of modern world, say some people. It shows contemporary society. It affects customs and culture, others way. Television is bad for culture because it keeps culture from growing, say still others.

Good or bad, television is difficult to avoid. Its pictures enter homes, stores, airports and factories. It is here to stay!

• The first commercial television broadcast was made on April 20, 1939 by Radio Corporation of America (RCA). Since 1939, it has become one of the most important facts of modern life. Television is very much a part of the modern world. Its effects are felt all over the world. Television is a reflection of modern world, say some people. It shows contemporary society. It affects customs and culture, others way. Television is bad for culture because it keeps culture from growing, say still others. Good or bad, television is difficult to avoid. Its pictures enter homes, stores, airports and factories. It is here to stay!

The Keys

• 1). 1,2,3
• 2). 1-corporation, 2-facts, 3-world, 4-reflection, 5-society, 6-culture
• 3). 1c, 2b, 3a, 4c

Advantages and Disadvantages of Television

• Television is one of the greatest achievements of the 20 th century. It is the most popular part of mass media. Television is the easiest and the cheapest source of information. It is an advantage.
• One of the positive features about TV is that it educates us. There are programs devoted to specialized subjects such as life of animals or plants, science, politics and many others. Watching such programs we learn a lot of useful and interesting information.
• TV gives us opportunity to travel around the world without getting up from the sofa. We can learn about life of people in different countries, their customs and traditions and we don’t pay for it.
• There are very exciting, funny and humorous programs, concerts full of wonderful music and songs especially on holidays. So, television entertains us and we like it because it makes us forget our everyday problems.
• One of the disadvantages is that television sometimes substitutes our nearest and dearest. It prevents us from communicating with our friends and relatives.
• Today you can see many films on TV which are filled with cruel and violent scenes that is very bad especially for children and teenagers.
• Watching TV too much may be dangerous for your eyesight. It is a disadvantage.

The

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