Методическая разработка на тему: " Basic Aviation English "

Departure ........................................ отправление

Start up ........................................... запуск двигателей

Run up ............................................ проверка двигателей

Warm up ......................................... прогрев двигателей

Towing ............................................ буксировка

Push back ....................................... буксировка хвостом вперед

Taxiing out ...................................... выруливание

Take off ........................................... взлет

Line-up ............................................ занятие исполнительного старта

Brake release.................................. отпускание тормозов

Standing takeoff .............................. взлет из неподвижного состояния на

исполнительном старте

Rolling takeoff ................................. взлет с движения на исполнительном старте (без остановки)

Takeoff roll, takeoff run ................... разбег

Acceleration .................................... разгон (ускорение)

Rejected takeoff .............................. прерванный взлет

Rotation........................................... подъем носовой стойки

Liftoff ............................................... отрыв

Climb, ascent .................................. набор высоты

Step climb ....................................... ступенчатый набор высоты

Level flight....................................... горизонтальный полет

Flight level....................................... эшелон полета

Cruising........................................... крейсерский полет на эшелоне

Descent........................................... снижение

Approach......................................... заход на посадку, подход

Arrival.............................................. прибытие.

Landing ........................................... посадка

Flare................................................ выравнивание

Touchdown ..................................... приземление

Landing roll, rollout.......................... пробег

Missed approach............................. уход на повторный заход

Go-around....................................... уход на повторный заход

Braking............................................ торможение

Deceleration.................................... торможение (замедление)

Taxiing in......................................... заруливание

Parking............................................ постановка на стояночный тормоз

Shut down ...................................... выключение двигателей

Airport is an area of land adapted for the landing and takeoff of aircraft. Large airports provide terminal buildings for the arrival and departure of passengers, as well as maintenance and repair facilities for aircraft.

Because aircraft must land and takeoff into the wind, the location of terminals and the layout of runways depend largely on the pattern of prevailing winds. Other determinants include geographic features, such as surrounding hills and mountains, and the desirability of avoiding approach and departure routes over crowded residential areas.

Such requirements have made it increasingly difficult to find locations for airports. Suppressing noise and reducing air pollution have been major concerns of both airport engineers and airplane designers, but progress has not been rapid enough to quiet mounting protests by environmentalists and other concerned citizens. Airport designers must take into account the weight and wingspan of airplanes when laying out hangars, cargo-loading areas, parking ramps, taxiways, and runways; wide-bodied jets, requiring thick concrete runways 60 m (about 200 ft) or more in width and 4427 m (14,000 ft) or more in length, have added to such problems. Enormous maintenance hangars are also required.

Runways must be long enough and wide enough to handle the largest planes using the airport. They must be as level as possible and should provide good drainage. In the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration sets minimum runway lengths for different types of aircraft. Many small airports use only strips of mowed grass called landing strips. Some of these strips are only 2,000 to 2,500 feet (610 to 760 meters) long. Large airports have paved runways. These runways may be as long as 13,000 to 14,000 feet (4,000 to 4,300 meters) to handle the biggest planes. Runways must have a clear zone at each end to give aircraft additional space to take off or land.

Lines painted down the center and sides and across the ends of runways guide pilots in the air and on the ground. Numbers painted on each end of a runway tell pilots the compass direction in which the runway is laid out. For example, the numbers 18 and 36 indicate a north-south runway. The number 18 (an abbreviation for 180°) is painted on the north end of the runway, and the number 36 (360°) appears on the south end. Most airports lay out runways in at least two different directions so planes are able to take off and land as nearly as possible into the wind.

At night and other periods of low visibility, white lights outline each runway, and green lights mark the beginning of a runway. Red and white approach lights are located just in front of the area of the runway where a plane should touch down.

EXERCISES

1. Give the synonyms:

to work — undercarriage — empennage — to correct — trouble —

air stairs — latch — port engine — inflate — plane — luggage —

to locate faults — snag —

assist — vest — cargo —

1. Give the antonyms:

connect — load — embark — lock — maximum — port engine — major repair — forward — high — retract — icing — defueling —

able — heating — slow — outside — overwing function —

3. Write synonyms:

perform inspection — locate faults — faults — watch

instruments — observe faults — irregularities — rectify faults

—to position chocks — lubricant —

failed equipment —

major repair — shut down the failed engine —

a good specialist — assistance —

perform maintenance — to make an inspection — if needed —

4. Put each word into its correct place:

rectified warning leaks safety loose run starting finding power renew

overhaul responsible explosion failure detect

1. Routine inspection means inspection for cracks, . . . rivets, corrosion, bow.

2. Structural inspection includes maintenance and . . . of fire control systems.

3. It includes maintenance of cabin installations, repair of lifebelts, harnesses and . . . belts.

4. The duties include maintenance and fault . . . in aircraft electrical systems.

5. The job includes maintenance of fuses, heating, engine . . . electrical instruments.

6. They maintain . . . plants.

7. They service fire . . . and extinguishing systems.

8. Flight engineers are . . . for fuels and fuel systems.

9. They are responsible for refueling, defueling and . . . precautions.

10. They . . . cracks and provide cleaning.

11. They examine engines and ground . . . engines.

12. They . . . cables.

13. They test equipment for . . . and errors.

14. All faults are to be recorded and . . . .

15. They investigate failed components to discover the causes of . . . .