Методическая разработка на тему: " Aircraft Structure"

Unit 1.

Airframe.

1. Read and translate. Put in the missing words.

1) strength 2) weight 3) wings 4) semimonocoque 5) construction 6) fairings

The structure of an airplane is designed to provide maximum ……..with minimum….. This provides maximum payload capability with long life and maximum achieved by designing alternate load paths into the structure so that a failure of one segment cannot endanger the airplane. A semimonocoque fuselage type construction is used with cantilever ….and integral tanks to provide the maximum strength to weight ratios possible. Materials are appropriately selected with the use of advanced composite replacing the heavier metal components whenever practicable. SEMIMONOCOQUE FUSELAGE CONSTRUCTION The ……… fuselage does not depend on a few members for strength and rigidity, therefore it may withstand considerable damage and still be strong enough to hold together. Also the technique facilitates the design and …….of a streamlined fuselage.

The semimonocoque fuselage relies on a stringer reinforced skin to carry the primary stresses. Vertical structural members called frames and bulkheads provide the shape of the fuselage. The heaviest of these are located to carry concentrated loads and at points of attachment to other units. Transverse beams support the floor panels except over the wheel wells and center wing where longitudinal beams are used. A forward and an aft bulkhead is specially designed to withstand pressurization loads. Non-structural ……. provide aerodynamic streamlining at major assembly joints such as wing to body.

Unit 2.

Flight control.

1. Read and answer the questions.

HIGH LIFT DEVICES

High lift devices are used to change the airflow pattern on the wing. This allows lower takeoff and landing speeds.

Leading edge flaps are normally installed between the fuselage and the power plant. Leading edge slats are normally installed from the power plant outboard to the wing tip. Trailing edge flaps are installed at the rear of the wing.

Construction may be with spars, ribs, stiffeners and composite skins or may be basically honeycomb with a graphite/epoxy skin depending on size and function.

The ailerons provide roll control of the airplane around the longitudinal axis, and are attached to the wing rear spars with hinges. Balance weights and/or panels may be used to improve operation.

Construction may be with spars, ribs and skin, or in the case of later airplanes basically of composite materials with the hinge, actuator and balance weight fittings attached.

Provisions are made to dissipate static electricity buildups, and for lightning protection.

1. What is the purpose of flight control?

2. What is its physical Description?

3. Construction of the aileron

Aircraft Structure Test

1. The fuselage is the main body ____ the aircraft

1. for b) of c) with

1. The cargo, the crew and passengers ______located there

1. was b) am c) are

1. Three types of fuselage include: monocoque, truss type and_____

1. semi-monocoque b) longeron c) frictional

1. The empennage is the ______ portion of the airplane

1. front b) rear c) center

1. Wing layout includes high wing, mid wing and______

1. center wing b) cambered wing c) low wing

1. Retractable landing gear may be____

1. raised b) pushed c) fixed

1. Brakes assist with _________ on the ground

1. cruising b) steering c) retracting

1. Rectangular, tapered swept and delta are examples of wing______

1. shape b) position c) function

1. Twin engine aircraft has_____ engines

1. one b) two c) three

1. Elevators are hinged to the

1. fin b) horizontal stabilizer c) nose

1. Flaps and ailerons are located:

1. on the wings b) on the nose c) in the undercarriage

1. Undercarriage is a place for _____

1. landing gear b) slats c) rudder

1. Pilot cabin is called

1. a cockpit b) rear part c) galley

1. Rudder and elevators are located

1. in the tail unit b) in front c) on the wings

1. The fuel of the aircraft is stored

1. in the cockpit b) in the fuel tank c) on the fin

1. We __________ on board now

1. are coming b) came c) will come

1. New wing part______ tomorrow

1. arrive b) arrived c) will arrive

1. Fixed landing gear _______ retract

1. is not b) does not c) do not

1. Wingspan is the maximum distance _____ wing tip to wing tip

1. from b) to c) for

1. Usually the landing gear ________ the impact of landing

1. has absorbed b) absorbs c) did absorb