Методическая разработка: " Computer Нardware"

HARDWARE

Input hardware. Processing hardware.

Active vocabulary

hardware – оборудование

mechanical – механический

electrical – электрический

to divide – делить

input hardware – устройство ввода

processing hardware – устройство обработки данных

storage hardware – устройство хранения

output hardware – устройство вывода

CPU (central processing unit) – ЦПУ

brain – мозг

memory - память

RAM (random access memory) – ОЗУ (оперативное запоминающее устройство)

ROM (read only memory) – ПЗУ (постоянное запоминающее устройство)

to run a programme – запускать программу

Read and translate the text:

Hardware is the mechanical, magnetic, electronic and electrical devices composing a computer system. Computer hardware is divided into four categories:

1. input hardware

2. processing hardware

3. storage hardware

4. output hardware

The purpose of the input hardware is to collect data and to convert it into a suitable form for computer processing. The most common input devices are: a keyboard, a mouse a scanner, a microphone and a video camera.

The computer keyboard is a set of typewriter keys that enables you to enter data into a computer. The mouse is a device to move the cursor on a display screen. The scanner is a device that can read a text printed on paper and interpret the information into a form the computer can use.

The purpose of the processing hardware is to retrieve, interpret and direct the execution of software instructions. The most common components of the processing hardware are the Central Processing Unit and the main memory. The CPU is the brain of the computer. It coordinates the processing activities. The design of the CPU affects the processing power and the speed of the computer.

Memory is the component of the computer system in which information is stored. There are two types of the computer memory: RAM and ROM.

RAM is volatile computer memory. It is used for running programme and temporarily storing data.

ROM is nonvolatile computer memory, used to hold programmed instructions to the system.

The more memory you have in your computer the more operations you can perform.

Additional vocabulary

to convert – преобразовывать, превращать to enable – позволять

to retrieve – извлекать typewriter - печатная машинка

to interpret – переводить to direct - управлять

to affect – влиять temporarily - временно

to execute - выполнять

volatile – временный, нестойкий

nonvolatile -

Exercise 1. Translate the word combinations into Russian.

Storage: available storage; buffer storage; computer storage; data storage; magnetic disk storage; magnetic tape storage; in­put storage; intermediate storage; internal storage; laser storage; main storage; primary storage; secondary storage; sequential-access storage; variable storage; virtual storage.

Value: absolute value; acceptable value; additional value; bi­nary value; byte value; character value; constant value; correct value; data value; digit value; discrete values; invalid value; neg­ative value; numerical value; output value; valid value.

Digit, binary digit; binary-coded digit; check digit; informa­tion digit; input digit; nonsignificant digit; significant digit; dig­it-by-digit.

Sequence: out of sequence; alphabetic sequence; arithmetic se­quence; binary sequence; character sequence; code sequence; in­struction sequence;data sequence; digital sequence; historical se­quence; increasing sequence; program sequence; string sequence.

Exercise 2. Find the synonyms in the text.

Memory; element; information; command; examination; character; quantity; number; place; computer architect; likeness.

To apply; to form; to move; to hold; to demand; to connect; to supply; to place; to name; to start; to examine.

Continuous; significant; consecutive; usual; enough; main; initial; general.