Grammar reference. Modal verbs.

Modal Verbs.

Модальные глаголы показывают отношение говорящего к действию, выраженному инфинитивом. Модальные глаголы не имеют форм во всех временах, для этого употребляются их эквиваленты (заменители).

Основные модальные глаголы.

Exercises.

I. Вставьте глаголы may или can.

1. … I come in?

2. Let me look at your exercises. I … be able to help you.

3. I … not swim, because until this year the doctor did not allow me to be more than two minutes in the water. But this year he says I … stay in for fifteen minutes if I like, so I’m going to learn to swim.

4. Libraries are quite free, and any one who likes … get books there.

5. I … come and see you tomorrow if I have time.

6. Take your raincoat with you: it … rain today.

7. Do you think you … do that?

8. I … finish the work tomorrow if no one bothers me any more.

9. … we come and see you next Sunday at three o’clock in the afternoon?

10. What time is it? – It … - be about six o’clock, but I am not sure.

II. Вставьте модальные глаголы may (might) или can (could).

1. … you help me?

2. I … imagine her speaking in public: I knew that she was so shy.

3. Something was wrong with the car: he … not start it.

4. A fool … ask more questions than a wise man … answer.

5. She asked me if she … use my telephone.

6. … I use your pen?

7. … I find a pen on that table?

8. You … read this book: you know the language well enough.

9. You … take this book: I don’t need it.

10. … help you?

11. … I ask you to help me?

12. The school was silent: nothing … be heard in the long dark corridors.

13. Waiting … be endless, you know.

14. … you tell me the nearest way to the city museum?

15. They … think that I am too weak to take part in the excursion, but I am strong enough to do any kind of hard work, indeed.

16. He knew this period of history very well: he had read everything on the subject he … find in the rich university library.

III. Переведите на русский язык.

1. Her grandmother can knit very well.

2. I can answer the questions. They are very easy.

3. This trip is too expensive for me. I can't afford it.

4. She can type. She can speak well on the telephone. She hopes she can find the job she's looking for.

5. Can You go to have lunch with me? - I'm sorry. I can't.

6. Mike can run very fast.

7. They can understand French.

8. Kate can speak English very well.

9. My brother can come and help you in the garden.

10. Can you speak Spanish?

IV. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол can (could).

1. Я умею говорить по-английски.

2. Мой папа не умеет говорить по-немецки.

3. Ты умеешь говорить по-французски?

4. Моя сестра не умеет кататься на коньках.

5. Ты можешь переплыть эту реку.

6. Я не могу выпить это молоко.

7. Она не может вас понять.

8. Ты умел плавать в прошлом году?

9. В прошлом году я не умел кататься на лыжах, а сейчас умею.

10. Вы не можете сказать мне, как доехать до вокзала?

V. Переведите на русский язык

1. May I invite Nick to our house?

2. You may go now.

3. If you have done your homework, you may go for a walk.

4. Don’t go to the wood alone: you may lose your way.

5. May I go to the post office with Mike?

6. May I take Pete’s bag?

7. Don’t give the vase to the child: he may break it.

8. May we take notes with a pencil?

9. You may not cross the street when the light is red.

10. May I shut the door?

VI. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол may.

1. Можно мне войти?

2. Можно, я пойду гулять?

3. Если твоя работа готова, можешь идти домой.

4. Учитель сказал, что мы можем идти домой.

5. Доктор говорит, что я уже могу идти купаться.

6. Папа сказал, что мы можем пойти в кино одни.

7. Я думал, что мне можно смотреть телевизор.

8. Если ты не наденешь пальто, ты можешь заболеть.

9. Не уходи из дома: мама может скоро прийти, а у нее нет ключа.

10. Будь осторожен: ты можешь упасть.

VII. Переведите на русский язык.

1. Don't worry! This is not important. - Not important! You must be joking!

2. He never comes to work late! He must have overslept today.

3. You must not argue with the boss.

4. She must stop eating much and she must lose weight.

5. You must stop smoking! If you don't, you're going to have serious problems with your lungs some day.

6. You must work hard at your English.

7. You must learn the words.

8. Must we learn the poem today?

9. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese.

10. You must not talk at the lessons.

VIII. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол must.

1. Он, должно быть, очень устал.

2. У них даже есть яхта. Они, должно быть, очень богаты.

3. Ты должен уехать завтра утром?

4. Вы не должны опаздывать.

5. Эта книга очень ценная. Вы не должны ее терять.

6. Неужели вам надо уже уходить?

7. Я должен признать, что я неправ.

8. Я должна упорно работать над своим английским.

9. Вы должны внимательно слушать учителя на уроке.

10. Ты должен делать уроки каждый день.

IX. Переведите на русский язык

1. You must work hard at your English.

2. You must learn the words.

3. Must we learn the poem today?

4. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese.

5. You must not talk at the lessons.

6. Everybody must come to school in time.

7. Don’t ring him up: he must be very busy.

8. You must not make notes in the books.

9. I must help my mother today.

10. Don’t worry! This is not important. – Not important! You must be joking!

Test.

1. He ______ to see us tomorrow.

1. Mays come

2. May comes

3. May to come

4. May come

1. They ______ finish the work by Thursday.

1. Don’t may

2. Don’t may to

3. May not

4. May not to

1. May I speak to you, sir? – Yes, ______.

1. You do

2. You may

3. No, you may not

4. You may do

1. Henry said, that he ______ be late.

1. Might

2. May

3. Would may

4. May do

1. This ______ happen to us anytime.

1. Will may

2. May

3. Would may

4. Will may not

1. I don’t think it ______ rain tomorrow.

1. Might

2. Will might

3. Might do

4. Will might do

1. My father ______ promotion next month.

1. Mights get

2. Might gets

3. Might get

4. May get

1. Listen, you must _____ your parents about it immediately.

1. Tell

2. To tell

3. Told

4. Will tell

1. No, I ______ do it tomorrow.

1. Mustn’t

2. Don’t must

3. Will must

4. Won’t must

1. She must ______ it.

1. Remembers

2. Remember

3. To remember

4. Remembered

1. ______ study English every day?

1. Do me must

2. Must we

3. Must not do

4. Do not must

1. I ______ get up early every morning.

1. Haven't to

2. Don’t have to

3. Have to

4. Do have

1. She ______ look after her little sister.

1. Has to

2. Have to

3. Haves to

4. Do have

1. Who ______ there first?

1. Musts go

2. Must goes

3. Must go

4. Must to go

1. ______ finish this work today?

1. Have we to

2. Do we have to

3. Will do we have

4. Has we to

1. They mustn’t say such things, ______ ?

1. Must they

2. Do they

3. Don’t they

4. Mustn’t they

1. People mustn’t ______ lessons of history.

1. Forget

2. To forget

3. Forgot

4. Forgotten

1. The children ______ go to bed in time.

1. Is to

2. Are to

3. Was to

4. Were to

1. My wife ______ three languages.

1. Cans speak

2. Can speaks

3. Can speak

4. Cans speaks

1. I’m sorry, I ______ join you on Wednesday.

1. Can`t

2. Can`t to

3. Don’t can to

4. Don’t can

1. Can you ______ people’s thoughts?

1. Read

2. To read

3. Do read

4. Read to

1. Who ______ help me with my homework?

1. Cans

2. Can

3. Cans to

4. Can to

1. He ______ pass the exam.

1. Didn’t can

2. Couldn’t

3. Couldn’t to

4. Can’t to

1. In my youth I ______ 5 miles without stopping.

1. Could run

2. Could to run

3. Could ran

4. Couldn’t run

1. ______ lend me some money?

1. Do you

2. Can you

3. Do you can

4. Can’t you