America

Коммуникативные задачи :

Мотивировать речевую деятельность обучающихся.

Развивать  информационную культуру обучающихся средствами английского языка.

Воспитательные задачи:

1.Сформировать и поддержать интерес у обучающихся к формированию познавательной активности.

2.Этическое и эстетическое воспитание (воспитывать чувство уважения к культуре и народу страны изучаемого языка).

Развивающая задача:

Развивать интеллектуальные, языковые, познавательные способности и  речевое мышление обучающихся.

Умение вести  общение на английском языке по теме, развивать   мотивацию к дальнейшему овладению иноязычной   культурой.   

Развивать готовность к самостоятельной работе над языком.

Образовательные задачи:

Расширить эрудицию  обучающихся, их лингвистический кругозор;

Обеспечить практическое использование лингвистических знаний и умений, лексических навыков на уроке, полноценное восприятие обучающимися содержания через их языковую форму.  

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE USA?
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:

WHAT IS THE FULL NAME OF THE USA?

WHEN DID THE HISTORY OF THE  USA BEGIN?

WHO WAS THE 1ST PRESIDENT OF THE USA?

ОБОБЩАЮЩИЙ УРОК ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ В 10 КЛАССЕ А

PLAN

• CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
• GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION,CLIMATE,AGRICULTURE
• FLAG,ARMS,HYMN,CURRENCY
• THE PRESIDENTS OF AMERICA
• WASHINGTON D.C. and STATES
• HOLIDAYS and TRADITIONS OF THE USA
• What do you now about the USA?

Коммуникативные задачи :

• Мотивировать речевую деятельность обучающихся.
• Развивать информационную культуру обучающихся средствами английского языка.

Воспитательные задачи:

1.Сформировать и поддержать интерес у обучающихся к формированию познавательной активности.

2.Этическое и эстетическое воспитание (воспитывать чувство уважения к культуре и народу страны изучаемого языка).

Развивающая задача

Языковая задача:

• Провести практику в речевой деятельности в говорении,
• Овладеть лексикой по данной теме.

Образовательные задачи:

• Расширить эрудицию обучающихся, их лингвистический кругозор;
• Обеспечить практическое использование лингвистических знаний и умений, лексических навыков на уроке, полноценное восприятие обучающимися содержания через их языковую форму.

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE USA? ANSWER THE QUESTIONS: WHAT IS THE FULL NAME OF THE USA? WHEN DID THE HISTORY OF THE USA BEGIN? WHO WAS THE 1 ST PRESIDENT OF THE USA?

MATCH THE PICTURES TO THE NAMES.

DO YOU KNOW?

• HOW MANY STATES?
• THE SYMBOL IS..?
• THE CAPITAL IS..?
• THE FLAG HAS..?
• THE BIGGEST CITIES ARE..?
• THE PRESIDENT IS..?

WHAT HOLIDAYS ARE POPULAR IN THE USA?

• WINTER
• SPRING
• AUTUMN

• SUMMER

Washington is a beautiful administrative city without much industry. It has many famous monuments: the Library of the Congress of the USA , the Washington Monument , the Abraham Lincoln Memorial , the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier , and others.

Plan :

• Climate of the USA
• Population
• Geographcal position

Washington D.C.

Climate of the USA and weather

• Due to the immense size and spread of topology in the US the climate is incredibly varied. If there is a "general" climate then it is temperate, but it is also tropical in Florida and Hawaii, arctic in Alaska, arid in the Great Basin of the southwest and semi-arid in the Great Plains to the west of the Mississippi River.
• The temperature range runs between the extremes of 57 degrees C during the summer months in California's Death Valley to -62 degrees C in Alaska, with every other shade in between.
• The northern states are the coldest, with bitter, freezing winters - especially in the plains, Midwest and Northeast. Low temperatures in January and February in the Northwest are occasionally tempered by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains.

• In contrast, the southern states are known as the Sunbelt, where it rarely drops below freezing.
• Hot summers are the norm throughout the US, except in New England, Oregon and Washington state, all of which are rainier and less predictable than the rest of the country.
• Temperate states are concentrated in the Pacific Northwest, while humidity is characteristic of the south, east coast and Midwest (smog levels rise accordingly and can make visiting some cities uncomfortable for those with respiratory problems), and heatwaves common in the Southwest.
• Spring and autumn (fall) conditions are generally mild, warm and sunny - but also wet in some areas, particularly the Pacific Northwest.

Climate

• The district of subtropical climate with a dry summer is timed to south part of the Pacific regional district and, consequently, engulfs south California. A summer is here hot, with an almost serene and low relative humidity. In the day-time maximal temperatures arrive at 27 –32° With and more, summer nights mainly cool and pleasant. The winters are soft, usually with a clear sun weather. Temperatures rarely go down below 0° With (almost always at night), and 10 arrive at in the day-time –21° Ñ. Frost-free period lasts more than 300 days. The middle annual amount of fallouts hesitates from 380 to 1000 mm, thus they mainly fall out on the western slopes of the Waterside backbones. Because of seasonal latitudinal displacement of belt of winds and rains coast-wise California in summer a district gets little fallouts. For the climate of south California hot, sultry wind of santa-ana, blowing from the internal deserts to the Pacific ocean is characteristic. Sometimes he blows not weakening day or two, and in off-shore localities of temperature rise to 38° Ñ. Thus gusting arrive at speed a 120 km/ch. Santa-ana brings the masses of dust and sand, almost fully darkening a sunlight, visibility goes down to the zero, and the windscreens of cars come in complete worthless from scratches, leave sand.

• The greatest damage is inflicted plants which dry up and grow into dangerous material. The large arrays of bushes burn down annually. However, that wind disperses dense fog which south California suffers from, and also softens influence of gusts of cold winter winds. A western mountain climatic district includes greater part of the Rocky mountains, Cascade mountains and S'erra-nevadu. Territories, located higher a 1500 m above enter here. The dominant type of climate is not selected in this district, but the large variety of local climates, formed under influence of such factors, as height and breadth of locality, is presented and display of slopes. On the whole a temperature falls down on 0,5 –2° With getting up on each a 300 m In addition, in the northward of temperature go down also. Therefore the height of snow line in the South Rocky mountains exceeds a 3000 m, and in North – arrives at a 2000 m only The mode of fallouts in mountains is very changeable. Western slopes, turned to the Pacific ocean, are most moistened, although even there the amount of fallouts grows short on heights a more than 2150 – 2400 m The deficit of fallouts is characteristic for the east slopes of mountains, hollows and plateau, being in rain shade. Sinking fall out mainly as snow.

• Vast snowy and glaciers on the highest combs slowly melt during a spring and summer, providing water many arid lowlands. The tops of mountains the whole year round are snow-capped. A weather in mountains changes quickly. During one day it can be frying by a sun, cool cloudy, windless, with gusty wind and brief strong rains which in the day-time often pass to the thundershower. In mountains, especially in winter, the inversions of temperature are ordinary. Middle widths the district of arid climate is located mainly in the state Nevada and approximately corresponds Large Pool. Under influence of height (mainly higher a 1200 m) and breadth here summer roast, and the winter is cold or cool. In summer a maximal temperature in the day-time arrives at 32 –37° With, and at night falls down to 17 –22° With because of rapid return of heat. In winter daily temperatures 4 –15° With, and nightly – from – 7 to +4° Ñ. Frost-free period lasts from 120 to 200 days.
• The middle annual amount of fallouts does not exceed250 mm, mainly from a attachment district to rain shade of mountains of S'erra-nevada. Sinking fall out very rarely, as a rule, as strong thundershowers.

• Low breadths the district of arid climate engulfs the desert Sonora and almost all rest of district of Hollows and Backbones, and also south part of the Central valley of California. Here most number of sun days, long hot summer and short warm the winter. In summer daily temperatures 32 –43° With, and nightly from – 1 to +9° Ñ. Frost-free period lasts from 200 to 340 days and more. Due to mountain surroundings this district is most arid in the USA. The middle annual amount of fallouts does not exceed 250 mm, and in Valley of Death and on the south-west outskirts of other deserts are 125 mm. Greater part of fallouts falls out as thundershowers. Sometimes air is so dry and hot, that sinking evaporate, not attaining an earthly surface. Low breadths the district of climate includes north parts of the Great plains and between garden of plateau. Summer usually hot or warm, and the winter cold. A temperature in the day-time rises to 31 –32° With, and at night falls down to 10 –21° Ñ. Winter temperatures hesitate from –18° to +2° With on the Great plains, and on between garden of plateau approximately on 5,5° With higher. This district, located mainly in rain shade of high mountains, gets 250 – 500 mm of fallouts in a year (middle long-term indexes). Usually droughty years alternate with very moist. The most moist season on east, as a rule, is on a summer, and watering – on the winter.

• Snow-falls are characteristic in winter, especially watering. On the Great plains within the limits of the examined district high winds blow more constantly, than in any other inhabited area of the USA. In summer hot winds sweep over above plains. Their force changes from lights of brizov to the hurricanes. In winter from the Rocky mountains blows very dry wind «Chinook». If he is warm, then for days a temperature can rise on 22° With, and layer of snow by power of ok. 30 see can evaporate all after a hour In winter snow-storms rage on the Great plains. At a temperature –18° With they arrive at enormous force and accompanied strong snow-falls.
• Between garden the district of climate is located to the south of previous district and more east of Between garden arid climate, and also includes north part of the Central valley of California. A summer is here hot, and the winter is warm, temperatures usually the same, as in the contiguous district of arid climate.

• Frost-free period lasts from 120 days in the north to 300 days and more on a south. Rainfalls are subject to the considerable vibrations and on the whole little, as well as on located to the north of the Internal plains. For a year from 250 to 500 mm of fallouts falls out on the average, mainly in summer as thundershowers. In separate years there are snow-falls in winter, but snow rarely stays too long on-the-spot for a long time. Greater part of district is opened influence of winds. Here blows specific north wind. Going down on south plains under the thick cover of black clouds, he causes a strong drop in temperature: after 1-2 day a temperature can fall down on 28° Ñ. Sometimes this wind is saturated moisture and brings drizzles, and sometimes – dry and lifts the clubs of dust in air.

• The district of pod sols engulfs the mountains of New England and New York and territory round overhead part of the Great lakes, including sublimity at oz. Overhead. Typical is here developed, with the skim of dying off vegetable tailings and humus in overhead part of type. Below write beds sandy horizon, impoverished nutritive. These very sour soils were formed under the coniferous and deciduous forests. On greater part of district the forests were saved until now. Agriculture is widespread also. For the fertility-improving of soils liming and top-dressing is needed. Soil districts. On basic territory the USA select seven basic soil districts

POPULATION

• Growth of population. After formation of the European colonies in America their population began to grow considerable rates. At the end of 17 v. which was begun with foundation of small settlements Dzheymstaun and Plume, approximately 250 thousands of persons lived in 12 colonies. There is 18 v. to the middle the quantity of colonists grew till about 1,5 million First censuses of population, conducted in 1790, registered 3,9 million persons. During 19 v. growth of population took place rapid rates, and it attained 31,4 millions in 1860 and 76 millions in 1900. For the first three decades 20 v. a population the USA was increased to 123 million It made in 1980 226, 5 million persons, in 1990 – 249 millions, and in 1997 – 268 million persons. On the quantity of population the USA occupy the third places in the world after China and India. Growth of population the USA took place due to a high birth-rate and mass immigration, especially during the first three centuries after foundation of the British colonies in North America. In 1800 there were 55 new-born on 1000 habitants. By 1860 a birth-rate went down to 44,3/1000, and in 1920 made 27,7/1000. The lowest level of birth-rate (18,4/1000) was attained in 1933 and 1936, during a world economic crisis. After Second world wars a birth-rate again grew and ok made in 1950-e years. 25/1000, but by 1969 again fallen down to 17,7/1000, and by 1975 – to 14,6/1000. In the end 1970-kh – during 1980-kh years there was growth of birth-rate, to beginning of 1990-kh years it again went down to 15,5/1000 (in 1993).v 2004 the quantity of population made 299,027 million persons.

• The general decline of birth-rate in a country was accompanied the decline of death rate, especially infantile, therefore the index of natural increase of population (coefficient of birth-rate minus the coefficient of death rate) went down more slow rates, than it is possible it was to expect. A death rate grew short with 17,2/1000 in 1900 to 13/1000 in 1920 and 10,8/1000 in 1940. From 1950 to 1993 coefficients of death rate remained practically not changes, in 2004 he made 8,34/1000. The level of infantile death rate (taking into account only live-born) fallen down with 99,9/1000 in 1915 to 47/1000 in 1940 and 16,1/1000 in 1975; in 2004 he attained a mark 6,63/1000. The decline of level of death rate after 1900 is explained mainly successes of medicine. The major factor of increase of population up to 1920-kh years was immigration – primary source of still human resources, due to which actually and the USA was created. In 19 v. because of increase of influx of immigrants substantially the quantity of population the USA grew and his composition changed. The first waves of immigrants began in 1840-kh years and attained a peak in 1854, when 428 thousands of persons arrived in a country. In the Civil war-time immigration grew short, but after its completion recommenced, climaxing in 1882, when 789 thousands of persons arrived. In one and a half first decades 20 v. in the USA annually migrated more than 1 million persons (1285 thousand in 1907).

• The stream of immigrants diminished then, especially after passing a restrictive act in 1924. In the years of world economic crisis and Second world wars immigration remained at low level. At the beginning 1990-kh years in a country ok arrived annually. 500 thousand of persons. Certainly, far not all immigrants remained in the USA. From 1820 to 1870 stake Which returned made from 10 to 15% from the incurrence of immigrants. This index grew to 24% in 1870 – 1880 and to 45% in 1900 –1910. In future ok. 30% abandoned immigrants country.
• Index of growth of population the USA, reflecting both a natural increase and difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants, on the whole has a tendency to the decline. In 19 v. due to a high birth-rate, the decline of death rate and mass immigration the year-on-year increase of population arrived at 3% and even more (it is comparable with the modern rates of growth of population in the countries of Africa, Latin America and South Asia). In 20 v. growth rates were slowed in connection with diminishing of immigration after 1920-kh years and reduction of birth-rate. In 1960-e years the year-on-year increase of population averaged 1,3%, and at the end of 1980 – 1990-kh years – less 1%, in 2004 – 0,92% in a year.

The Capitol

San Francisco

San Francisco on the Pacific Coast is a big port and ship-building centre. Of great interest are its nine bridges over the Golden Gate Channel between the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay.

Sun Francisco

San Francisco

Boston

Chicago

Chicago

New York

Florida

New York

Philadelphia

Philadelphia near the east coast produces agricultural machines and locomotives. Light industry is highly developed here. Philadelphia is an important cultural centre with many fine buildings and a university.

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49

49

The flag of the USA Officially the flag was adopted on August 4, 1960

• The flag of the United States of America represents a cloth with red and six white horizontal strips. The dark blue rectangular in the upper left part symbolizes the Union. In the dark blue canton there are 50 five-pointed stars of white. 50 stars symbolize 50 states. The 13 strips are the 13 colonies which have formed the independent state (New-Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Northern Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania). The dark blue color personifies loyalty, fidelity, friendship, validity, the truth; red - bravery, diligence, eagerness; white - cleanliness and moral foundations. The predecessor of a present flag of the USA was a flag British Вест - Индской the companies. It consisted of alternating red and white strips.

• The absolute must in creation of a new flag of America has been connected with the beginning of War for independence. The new symbol was necessary, and here in 1775 the Congress has accepted a sea flag for the American courts, consisted of 13 horizontal red-white strips with the British flag in canton.

• In 1776 the Declaration of independence of the USA was accepted on the 2nd Continental congress. The new state included 13 territories, former colonies of the Great Britain. A year later, in 1777, the Second Continental Congress accepts the national flag of the USA consisted of 13 red and white strips and 13 white stars on a dark blue background. This flag is known as "Betsy Ross’ flag". It is considered, that it was made by seamstress Elizabeth Ross. However, in this story there are some ambiguities…
• First manufactured the flag used 7 red and 6 white strips or on the contrary, stars were often represented five-, six- or seven-pointed. Their arrangement in canton was not constant either.

• On July, 4th, 1776 Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson faced the necessity to create a stamp of the USA. The delegates of the Constitutional Assembly came to a conclusion, that the emblem and the arms would symbolize the independent nation and free people with greater aspirations and hopes for the future. The face sheet of the state stamp of the USA (the Big Stamp) and design of the Arms was approved six years later, on July, 20th, 1782. It reflects belief and ideals, which fathers-founders wished to transfer the descendants. In the center - the image of a white-headed see eagle, a national symbol of the USA.

• In a beak it holds a roll with an inscription: " E Pluribus Unum ", that is translated with latin as " From many - one " and means one nation created from 13 colonies. In one paw it holds an olive branch, in another - a bunch from 13 arrows. A branch and arrows " mean power, great both in the world, and in war ". The breast of a see eagle closes a board about 13-th red and white strips. The board, несомый a see eagle alone, means, that Americans should lean only on own forces. Red and white strips of a board represent the staffs incorporated under and supporting from below a dark blue strip, symbolizing the president and the congress. White color means cleanliness and innocence, red - boldness and valour, and dark blue - vigilance, stability and validity. Above a head of a see eagle there is a cloud framing a blue field in which 13 stars forming constellation settle down. The constellation specifies that the new state has taken the place among other nations.

• In a beak it holds a roll with an inscription: " E Pluribus Unum ", that is translated with latin as " From many - one " and means one nation created from 13 colonies. In one paw it holds an olive branch, in another - a bunch from 13 arrows. A branch and arrows " mean power, great both in the world, and in war ". The breast of a see eagle closes a board about 13-th red and white strips. The board, несомый a see eagle alone, means, that Americans should lean only on own forces. Red and white strips of a board represent the staffs incorporated under and supporting from below a dark blue strip, symbolizing the president and the congress. White color means cleanliness and innocence, red - boldness and valour, and dark blue - vigilance, stability and validity. Above a head of a see eagle there is a cloud framing a blue field in which 13 stars forming constellation settle down. The constellation specifies that the new state has taken the place among other nations.

• The Hymn of the USA is a patriotic song the words of which were written by Frances Scott Key on September, the 14th, in 1814 during the war with Englishmen, and accepted by the Congress of the USA as a national anthem in 1931. Under some certificates, Key showed the poem to his wife’s relatives in Baltimore who lived there, and then it was printed and distributed round the town on leaflets under the heading of "Protection of fort McHenry". In a couple of weeks the poem was published in newspapers and became fast popular and soon renamed into "the Star Banner". During the public representation in Baltimore it was sung by the actor on the motive of a well-known English song. But only after the Civil war had begun "the Star Banner" turned into the national song. It was sung by both unionists, and confederates. During the World War I the Congress undertook some attempts to make it an official hymn of the American Armed Forces. Among other applicants were "America the Beautiful" and "Yankee Doodle".

• National currency - the American dollar (USD). The dollar will consist of 100 cents. The dollar exchange rate to euro for November, 2001 makes 1USD = 1.14EUR. In circulation there are denominations advantage 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 dollars, coins - a penny (1 cent), nickel (5 cents), дайм (10 cents), квортер (25 cents), хаф-dollar (50 cents) and 1 dollar. Besides it there are federal reserve tickets advantage 500, 1000, 5000 and 10000 US dollars available in the extremely insignificant quantity{amount} and having the reference{manipulation} only in the USA. They are not bought and forbidden to export from the country. In all American shops the price is underlined without taking into account taxes, i.e. actually 5-10 % of below that sum which it is necessary to pay. The size of the tax depends on in what staff{state} you came in shop. The tip are not included automatically on account of. At restaurants, bars, a taxi, a casino it is necessary to be guided by 10-15 % of the tip. In New York this sum can reach{achieve} 20 %.

1 USD

5 USD

10 USD

20 USD

50 USD

100 USD

0.01 USD

0.05 USD

0.10 USD

0.25 USD

0.50 USD

1 USD

The first president

George Washington

• first president USA
• April 30 (1789) March 4 (1797)
• Vice presidents: John Adams
• Predecessor: no
• Successor: John Adams
• Veroispovedanie: Protestantism,
• Birth: February 22 (1732) Bridzhs-Shout,
• Virginia, British America
• Death: December 14 (1799) Maunt-Vernon, Virginia, USA
• Buried: Maunt-Vernon, Virginia
• Father: Augustine Washington Mother: Marie Pain Washington
• Spouse: March Dandridzh Kastis Children: Are absent

The Second president

John Adams

• March 4 (1797) March 4 (1801)
• Vice presidents: Thomas Dzhefferson
• Predecessor: George Washington
• Successor: Thomas Dzhefferson
• 1-y vice president USA
• April 21 (1789) March 4 (1797)
• Presidents: George Washington
• Successor: Thomas Dzhefferson
• Party: Federal party USA
• Birth: October 30 1735 Kuinsi, Massachusetts, British empire
• Death: July 4 1826 Kuinsi, Massachusetts, USA
• Father: John Adams
• Mother: Susanna Boylston Adams
• Spouse: Ebigeyl Smith Adams
• Children: Ebigeyl younger, John Kuinsi, Susanna, Charles, Thomas

THE Third president

Thomas Jefferson

• March 4 (1801) March 4 (1809)
• Vice presidents: Aaron Burr (1801-1805) George Clinton (1805-1809)
• Predecessor: John Adams
• Successor: James Madison
• 2-y vice president USA
• March 4 (1797) March 4 (1801)
• Presidents: John Adams
• Predecessor: John Adams
• Successor: Aaron Burr

• 1-y Secretary of state USA
• March 22 (1790) December 31 (1793)
• Presidents: George Washington
• Predecessor: no
• Successor: Edmund Randolif

THE fourth president

James Madison

• March 4(1809) March 4(1817)
• Vice presidents: Elbridzh Gerri (1814-1817)
• Predecessor: Thomas Dzhefferson
• Successor: James Monroe

• Party: Democratic-republican party USA
• Birth: March 16 (1751) Ports Konuey, staff Virginia
• Death: June 28 (1836) Montpelier, staff Virginia
• Spouse: Dolley Madison

THE Fifth president

James Monroe

• 4марта(1817) 4марта (1825)
• Vice president:DENIELD.TOMPKINS
• Predecessor:James Madison
• Successor:John Kuinsi Adams

THE sixth president

John Quincy Adams

• March 4 (1825) March 4 (1829)
• Vice presidents: John S. Kelhoun
• Predecessor: James Monroe
• Successor: Andrew Dzhekson
• Birth: June 11 1767 Kuinsi, staff Massachusetts
• Death: February 28 1848 Washington, federal district Of columbia Father: John Adams Mother: Ebigeyl Smith Adams
• Spouse: Luiza Katrin Adams
• Children: Charles Frensis Adams-senior

THE seventh president

Andrew Jackson

• March 4 (1829) March 4 (1837)
• Vice presidents:(1832-1833) Martin Van Byuren (1833-1837) Predecessor: John Kuinsi Adams
• Successor: Martin Van Byuren
• Party: Democratic-republican party USA, Democratic party USA
• Birth: March 15 (1767) Counties Lankester, staff South Carolina
• Death: June 8 1845 Neshvill, staff Tennessi
• Spouse: Reychel Dzhekson

THE eighth president

Martin Van Buren

• March 4 (1837) March 4 (1841)
• Vice presidents: Richard Mentor Johnson
• Predecessor: Andrew Dzhekson
• Successor: Uiliyam Henry Garrison
• Birth: December 5 (1782) Kinderhuk, staff NEW YORK
• Death: July 24 (1862) Kinderhuk, staff NEW YORK
• Father: Abraham Van Byuren Mother: Marie Hous Van Allen
• Spouse: Hanna Van Byuren

THE The ninth president

William Henry Harrison

• March 4(1841) April 4(1841)
• Vice presidents: John Tyler
• Predecessor: Martin Van Byuren
• Successor: John Tyler
• Birth: February 9(1773) Counties Charles City, staff Virginia
• Death: April 4(1841) Washington, federal district Of columbia
• Father: Benjamin Garrison Fifth,Mother: Elizabeth Bassett
• Spouse: Anna Garrison

The tenth president

John Tyler

• April 4(1841) March 4(1845)
• Vice presidents: no
• Predecessor: Uiliyam Henry Garrison
• Successor: James Noks Regiment
• Birth: March 29(1790) Counties Charles City, staff Virginia
• Death: January 18(1862) Richmond, staff Virginia
• Father: John Tyler cl.
• Mother: Mayors Armisted

The eleveneenth presideht

James Knox Polk

• March 4 (1845) March 4 (1849)
• Vice president: George Dallas
• Predecessor: John Tyler
• Successor: Zakari Taylor
• 11-y Governor Tennessee
• October 14 (1839) October 15 (1841)
• Predecessors: Newton Kennon
• Successor: James CHemberlen Dzhouns

Formation: University of the North Carolina in CHapel-Hill

• Birth: November 2 (1795) Painvili, North Carolina
• Death: June 15(1849) Neshvill, staff Virginia
• Father: Semyueli Polk Mother: Jayne Polk
• Spouse: Sara CHildress Regiment

The twelvth presideht

Zachary Taylor

• March 4 ( 1849 ) July 9 ( 1850 )
• Vice presidents: Millard Fillmor
• Predecessor: James Noks Regiment
• Successor: Millard Fillmor
• Birth: November 24 ( 1784 ) Barborsvilli, staff Virginia
• Death: July 9 ( 1850 ) Washington, federal district Of columbia
• Father: Richard Taylor Mother: Sara Stroter
• Spouse: Margaret Taylor
• Children: Richard Taylor, Sara Noks Taylor

The thirteenth presideht

Millard Fillmore

• July 9 1850 March 4 1853
• Vice presidents: no
• Predecessor: Zakari Taylor
• Successor: Franklin Pier
• Birth: January 7 1800 Sammerhill, staff NEW YORK
• Death: March 8 1874 Buffalo, staff NEW YORK
• Spouse: Ebigeli Fillmor (1-I wife) Kerolin Fillmor (2-I wife)

The fourteenth president

Franklin Pierce

• March 4 (1853) March 4 (1857)
• Vice presidents: Uiliyam King (1853-1857)
• Predecessor: Millard Fillmor
• Successor: James Biyukenen
• Party: Democratic party USA
• Birth: November 23 (1804) Hillsborou, staff New-Gempshir
• Death: October 8 (1869) Konkord, staff New-Hempshir
• Father: Benjamin Pier Mother: Anna Kendrik
• Spouse: Jayne Pier
• Children: Franklip Pier ml., Franc Robert Pier, Benjamin Pier

The fifteenth president

James Buchanan

• March 4 (1857) March 4 (1861)
• Vice presidents: John Brekinridzh
• Predecessor: Franklin Pier
• Successor: Avraam Lincoln
• Birth: April 23 (1791) Merkersburg, staff Pennsylvania
• Death: 1 June (1868) Lancaster, staff Pennsylvania
• Father: James Biyukenen Mother: Elizabeth Spear

The sixteenth president

Abraham Lincoln

• March 4(1861) April 15(1865)
• Vice presidents: Hannibal Gamlin (1861-1865) Andrew Johnson (1865) Predecessor: James Biyukenen
• Successor: Andrew Johnson
• Birth: February 12 (1809) Counties of the Window curtains, staff Kentucky
• Death: April 15 (1865) Washington, district Of columbia
• Buried: Graveyard Ouk-Ridzh, Springfild
• Father: Thomas Lincoln Mother: Nensi Henks
• Spouse: Mayors Todd
• Children: sons: Robert, Edward, Uiliyam and Thomas

The seventeenth president

Andrew Johnson

• April 15 (1865) March 4 (1869)
• Vice presidents: no
• Predecessor: Avraam Lincoln
• Successor: Uliss Grant
• Births: December 29 (1808) Dug, staff North Carolina
• Death: July 31 (1875) Grinvilli, staff Tennessi
• Father: YAkob Johnson Mother: Mayors MAKDANOU
• Spouse: Eliza MAKKARDL Johnson

The eighteenth president

Ulysses Simpson Grant

• March 4 (1869) March 4 (1877)
• Vice presidents: Skayler Kolfaks (1869-1873) Henry Uilson (1875-1877)
• Predecessor: Andrew Johnson
• Successor: Raterford Heyz
• Birth: April 27 (1822) Point Plezant, staff Ohio
• Death: July 23 (1885) Uilton, staff NEW YORK
• Father: Dzhessi Rut Grant Mother: Hanna Simpson
• Spouse: Dzhuliya Grant
• Children: Frederick Dent Grant, Uliss Grant, Ellen Renshall Grant, Dzhessi Rut Grant

The nineteenteenth president

Rutherford Birchard Hayes

• March 4 (1877) March 4 (1881)
• Vice presidents: Uiliyam Uiler
• Predecessor: Uliss Grant
• Successor: James Garfild
• Birth: October 4 (1822) Delaware, staff Ohio
• Death: January 17 (1893) Frimont, staff Ohio
• Father: Rezerford Heyz Mother: Sofiya Byorchard
• Spouse: Lyusi Uebb Heyz
• Children: Birchard Austin Heyz, James Uebb Kuk Heyz, Raterford Rlatt Heyz, Dzhozef Thompson Heyz, George Kruk Heyz, Fenni Heyz, Scott Rassell Heyz, Menning Swank Heyz

The twentieth president

James Abram Garfield

• March 4 (1881) September 19 (1881)
• Vice presidents: CHester Arthur
• Predecessor: Raterford Heyz
• Successor: CHester Arthur
• Birth: November 19 (1831) Morelend Hillz, staff Ohio
• Death: September 19 (1881) Long Branch, staff New-Jersey
• Spouse: Lakretiya Garfild

The twenty first presidents

Chester Alan Arthur

• September 19 (1881) March 4 (1885)
• Vice presidents: no
• Predecessor: James Garfild
• Successor: Grover Clevland
• Birth: October 5 (1829) Ferfild, staff Vermont
• Death: November 18 (1886) NEW YORK, staff NEW YORK
• Father: Uiliyam Arthur Mother: Malivina Stoun
• Spouse: Ellen Liyuis Herndon Arthur
• Children: Uiliyam Liyuis Herndon Arthur, CHester Alan Arthur ml., Ellen Gansbrou Herndon

The twenty second president

Stephen Grover Cleveland

• March 4 (1885) March 4 (1889)
• Vice presidents: Thomas Hendriks (1885-1889)
• Predecessor: CHester Arthur
• Successor: Benjamin Garrison

The twenty third president

Benjamin Harrison

• March 4 (1889) March 4 (1893)
• Vice presidents: Lions Morton
• Predecessor: Grover Clevland
• Successor: Grover Clevland
• Birth: August 20 (1833) North Bend, staff Ohio
• Death: March 13 (1901) Indianapolis, staff Indiana
• Father: John Live-stock Harrison Mother: Elizabeth Remsi
• Spouse: 1) Carolina Harrison 2) Mayors Dimmik Harrison
• Children: son: Rassell Benjamin Harrison daughter: Mayors Live-stock Harrison MAKKI

The twenty fifth president

William McKinley

• March 4 1897 September 14 1901
• Vice presidents: Garret Gobart (1899-1901) Teodor Ruzvelit (1901)
• Predecessor: Grover Clevland
• Successor: Teodor Ruzvelit

The twenty sixth president

Theodore Roosevelt

• September 14 1901 March 4 1909
• Vice presidents:Charles Feyrbanks (1905-1909)
• Predecessor: Uiliyam Poppy-Cinema
• Successor: Uiliyam Taffetas
• Formation: Harvard university
• Birth: October 27 1858 NEW YORK, staff NEW YORK
• Death: January 6 1919 Oyster Bay, staff NEW YORK
• Buried: Memorial graveyard Young, Oyster Bay
• Father: Teodor Ruzvelit cl. Mother: Mitti Ballok
• Spouse: 1) Elis Hatauey Ruzvelit 2) Edit Ruzvelit
• Children: Ted, Kermit, Archi and Kventin, Alisa and Eteli

The twenty seventh president

William Howard Taft

• March 4 1909 March 4 1913
• Vice presidents: James SHerman
• Predecessor: Teodor Ruzvelit
• Successor: Thomas Vudro Vilison
• Birth: September 15 1857 Cincinnati, staff Ohio
• Death: March 8 1930 Washington, federal district Of columbia
• Father: Alifonso Taffetas Mother: Luiza Torrey
• Spouse: Helen Herron Taffetas
• Children: Robert Taffetas, Helen Taffetas Menning, Charles Felps Taffetas

The twenty eighth president

Thomas Woodrow Wilson

• March 4 1913 March 4 1921
• Vice presidents: Thomas Marshall
• Predecessor: Uiliyam Taffetas
• Successor: Uorren Garding
• Birth: December 28 1856 Strauton, staff Virginia
• Death: February 3 1924 Washington, federal district Of columbia Father: Dzhozef Vilison Mother: Dzhanet Vudro
• Spouse: Ellen Aksson Vilison (1-I wife) Edit Tack Vilison (2-I wife)

The twenty ninth president

Warren Gamaliel Harding

• March 4 1921 August 2 1923
• Vice presidents: Kalvin Kulidzh
• Predecessor: Vudro Vilison
• Successor: Kalvin Kulidzh
• Predecessor: Harry Gordon
• Successor: Andrew Harris
• Birth: November 2 1865 Counties Morrou, staff Ohio
• Death: August 2 1923 SAN FRANCISCO, staff California Buried: Graveyard Marion, Marion
• Father: George Trayon Garding Mother: Foub Elizabeth Garding Spouse: Florence Garding

The thirtieth president

John Calvin Coolidge Jr

• August 2 1923 March 4 1929
• Vice presidents:Charles Daues (1925 1929)
• Predecessor: Uorren Garding
• Successor: Gerbert Guver
• Birth: July 4 1872 Plymouths, staff Vermont
• Death: January 5 1933 Northempton, staff Massachusetts
• Father: John Kalvin Mother: Victoria Kulidzh
• Spouse: Greys Anna Gudhiyu

The thirty first president

Herbert Clark Hoover

• March 4 1929 March 4 1933
• Vice presidents: Charles Kertis
• Predecessor: Kalvin Kulidzh
• Successor: Franklin Ruzvelit
• Formation: Stenfordskiy university
• Profession: Mountain engineer
• Birth: August 10 1874 West Branch, staff Iowa
• Death: October 20 1964 (90 years) NEW YORK, staff NEW YORK Buried: West Branch
• Spouse: Lu Henry Guver (with 1899)
• Children: sons: Gerbert and Allon Henry

The thirty second president

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

• March 4 1933 April 12 1945
• Vice presidents: John Garner (1933-1941) Henry Uolles (1941-1945) Harry Trumen (1945)
• Predecessor: Gerbert Guver
• Successor: Harry Trumen
• Profession: Lawyer
• Birth: January 30 1882 Gayd-Park, staff NEW YORK
• Death: April 12 1945 Uorm-Springs, staff Georgia
• Buried: Gayd-Park, NEW YORK
• Father: James Ruzvelit Mother: Sara is Done
• Spouse: Eleonora Ruzvelit
• Children: sons: James, Franklin, Eliot, Franklin Delano and John дочери: Enn

The thirty third president

Harry S. Truman

• April 12 1945 January 20 1953
• Vice presidents:Olben Barkli (1949-1953)
• Predecessor: Franklin Ruzvelit
• Successor: Duayt Eisenhower
• Birth: 4 May 1884 Lamar , staff Missouri
• Death: 8 May 1972 Kansas-City, staff Missouri
• Buried: Library im. Harry Trumena
• Father: John Anderson Trumen Mother: March Ellen Trumen
• Spouse: Bessy Uoless Trumen (1885 - 1982)

The thirty fourth president

Dwight David «Ike» Eisenhower ;

• January 20 1953 January 20 1961
• Vice presidents: Richard Nixon
• Predecessor: Harry Trumen
• Successor: John Kennedy
• Birth: October 14 1890 (1890-10-14) Denison, staff Texas
• Death: March 28 1969 Washington, federal district Of columbia Buried: Abilin, Kansas
• Father: Devid Duayt Eisenhower Mother:Elizabeth Stover
• Spouse: Meymi Deud Eisenhower (with 1916)
• Children: son: John

The thirty fifth president

John Fitzgerald Kennedy

• January 20 1961 November 22 1963
• Vice presidents: Lindon Johnson
• Predecessor: Duayt Eisenhower
• Successor: Lindon Johnson
• Birth: 29 May 1917 Bruklayn, staff Massachusetts
• Death: November 22 1963 Dallas, staff Texas
• Buried: Arlingtonskoe national graveyard, Washington
• Father: Dzhozef Patrik Kennedy
• Spouse: ZHaklin Buvie (with 1958)
• Children: son: John daughter: Carolina

The thirty sixth president

Lyndon Baines Johnson

• January 20 1961 November 22 1963
• Presidents: John Kennedy
• Predecessor: Richard Nixon
• Successor: Hiyubert Hamfri
• Birth: August 27 1908 Stounvoll, Texas
• Death: January 22 1973 Stounvoll, Texas
• Buried: National park in Stounvolle, Texas
• Father: Semiyuel Johnson-younger Mother: Rebekka Beyns
• Spouse: Klodiya Alta (known as Lady Byord), native-born Taylor (1912 - 2007)

The thirty seventh president

Richard Milhous Nixon

• January 20 1969 August 9 1974
• Vice presidents: Spiro Agnyu (1969 - 1973), Dzheralid Ford (1973 - 1974) Predecessor: Lindon Johnson
• Successor: Dzheralid Ford
• Birth: January 9 1913 Yorba-Linda, California, USA
• Death: April 22 1994 (81) NEW YORK, USA
• Spouse: Telima Ketrin Rayan Pet

The thirty eighth president

Gerald Rudolph Ford

• August 9 1974 January 20 1977
• Vice presidents: Nelison Rokfeller
• Predecessor: Richard Nixon
• Successor: Dzhimmi Carter
• B irth: July 14 1913 Omaha, Nebraska, USA
• Death: December 26 2006 (93) rancho Miridzh, California, USA Buried: Grande-Repids, Michigan
• Name at birth: Flattery Linch King-younger
• Mother: Dorothy King
• Spouse: Elizabeth "Betti" N-th Blumer
• Children: sons: Maykl, John and Steven daughter: Siyuzen

The thirty ninth president

Jimmy Carter

• January 20 1977 January 20 1981
• Vice presidents: Walter Mondeyl
• Predecessor: Dzheralid Ford
• Successor: Ronald Reagan
• Birth: 1 October 1924 (84) Pleynz, Georgia, USA
• Father: James Erl Carter
• Spouse: Rozalin Carter

The fortieth president

Ronald Reagan

• January 20 1981 January 20 1989
• Vice presidents: George Bush
• Predecessor: Dzhimmi Carter
• Successor: George Bush
• Birth: February 6 1911 Tampiko, Illinois, USA
• Death: June 5 2004 (93) Los-Andzheles, California, USA
• Buried: Simi, California
• Spouse: 1) Jayne Uayman (1940-1948) 2) Nensi Reagan
• Children: sons: Maurin, Peti and Ron

The forty first president

George Herbert Walker Bush

• January 20 1989 January 20 1993
• Vice president: James Denfort Den Kueyl
• Predecessor: Ronald Uilson Reagan
• Successor: Uiliyam Dzhefferson Bill Clinton
• Birth: June 12 1924 (84) Milton, Massachusetts, USA
• Spouse: Barbara Bush
• Children: George, John, Neyl, Marvin , Polina Robinson and Dorothy

The forty second president

William «Bill» Jefferson Clinton

• January 20 1993 January 20 2001
• Vice presidents: Alibert Arnolid El Mountains
• Predecessor: George Gerbert Uoker Bush
• Successor: George Uoker Bush
• Party: Democratic party USA
• Formation: Oksfordskiy university
• Birth: August 19 1946 (62) Houp, Arkansas, USA
• Spouse: Hillari Rodem Clinton
• Children: daughter: Chelsea

The forty third president

George W. Bush, George Walker Bush

• January 20 2001 January 20 2009
• Vice president: Richard Bryus Dick CHeyni
• Predecessor: Uiliyam Dzhefferson Bill Clinton
• Successor: Hut Huseyn Obama
• Party: Republican party USA
• Formation: Yeliskiy university
• Birth: July 6 1946 (62) New-Heyven, Connecticut, USA
• Father: George Gerbert Uoker Bush
• Mother: Barbara Bush of the
• Spouse: Lora Bush
• Children: Barbara and Dzhenna

The forty forth president

Barak Obama

" New Year” - January, 1

"Martin Lyuter King ‘s Day”- the third monday of January " President’s Day” (Birthday of George Washington) - the third monday of February “ Memory Day” - the last monday of May “Independence Day” – July, 4 “Labour Day“- the first monday of September “Columbus Day” - a second monday of the October “Veteran Day” - the second monday of November "Thanksgiving Day” - the fourth thursday of November “Christmas – December, 25

The Christmas - one of the most important religious holidays. The believers visit the special church services, glorifying the birth of Jesus from Nazareth. Since the holiday is religious, it is not celebrated officially. But most of the Americans are Christians, so this day the majority of enterprises do not work and a lot of people, including state employees, have output. Besides, many companies have short day in the eve of the holiday.

For many Americans buying Christmas presents is one of the most important occupations of December. The gifts are presented to the children, relatives and close friends. They are presented to people, which have rendered you service or work to you. Some bake the cookie, do the sweetmeats or prepare other special dishes to congratulate the friends. At the same time when the majority of the Americans shows the greater bounty to the other people less lucky than themselves, sending money to hospitals and orphan homes or giving facilities and relief to the funds of poor.

On Christmas it is usual to decorate the house. The majority of the Americans celebrating this holiday put the fir tree in the house. This can be a natural fir tree or an artificial one. The fir tree is decorated with the light bulbs and festoons. Besides, buildings and apartments are decorated both inside and outside by the festive illumination, pine-needles and inscriptions "Lucky Christmas!".

The word “Christmas” was formed from words Cristes Maesse or Christ's Mass (the Christian mass).

In America Christmas became acclimated much slowly. In Massachusetts at colonial time celebration was even forbidden. The puritans in America tried to do the Thanksgiving day the most important holiday instead of Christmas.

The Religious celebration begins in night with twenty fourth for twenty fifth December with midnight mass. Do not forget that America is the multinational country, so the way of celebrating Christmas depends on who were their grandmothers and grandfathers.

For instance, many Americans, whose ancestors came to America from Poland still try to keep their traditions. Before Christmas they put the hay on floor and under tablecloth. This must remind them of hostelry, pigsty and crèche where Jesus was born. And no meat before the first star ("So after all post, mother "). At night as soon as the first star rises, begins the traditional polish feast. Beet soup, various fish, cabbage, mushrooms and "sweetmeat" (not real meat, but sweetness from honey and poppy) - traditional dishes for such holiday .

The Americans with Hungarian roots pay big attention to church service and chant Christmas. Probably, more, than any other Americans. At night they are going to their own courtyard, gather around dressed fir trees and wait for the appearance of the first star. After that they prepare different dishes.

In the south of the USA Christmas is celebrated particularly noisy: with firework and salute. The early colonizers congratulated their neighbors that way.

In 1924 in Washington the first national Christmas tree was grown. They say that the first time the fir tree was decorated by Martin Luter. After that United States president annually solemnly lights the lights on this fir tree.

Once Christmas was celebrated twelve days - exactly 12 days passed since birth of Jesus before baptizing. In colonial America in this time was usual to make evening parties.

Halloween is celebrated on the last day of October.

Halloween appeared as holiday connected with cruel spirit. The Witches, flying on broom, black cats, ghosts and skeletons - all of these has become the symbol of Halloween. These subjects are broadly used in suits of the children knocking on door of their neighbors with cheer "Purse or life!", in postcards, in decorations of the windows. The black color is considered as one of the traditional colors of Halloween – probably due to the fact that all events of the holiday occur at night. Several weeks before October, 31 the Americans decorate the windows of the houses and schools.

Another symbol of the Halloween is a pumpkin. Since pumpkin is orange this color also became traditional for Halloween. The Custom to make "Jack with torch" - a torch inside pumpkin with cut hole with the shape of eyes, nose and mouth – rises to an old Irish tradition. There existed the legend about person whose name was Jack and who was such a skinflint that after his death he was not let onto the sky. He also could not get to hell as during his lifetime he made fun of devil. That is why Jack was doomed to wander over the land with his torch up to Terrible court. In Ireland it was usual to slice turnip or potatoes for terrible persons saying "Jack with torch". When Irishmen brought their custom to the United States, they started to use instead of it pumpkins since their was more pumpkins than turnips in autumn

. And now at Halloween’s night dressed children know that if in window "Jack with torch" is exposed, that means that in this house they can get the sweets – they have only to knock on door and yell: "Purse or life!"

The Thanksgiving Day is celebrated on the last Thursday of November.

The History of the holiday gets up to 1621, when the puritans arrived to Massachusetts full of determination to hear confession without hindrances to their heterodox religion. After hard winter, during which approximately a half of the migrants has died, they applied for help to neighbors-Indians, which have taught them to grow the corn and other cultures. Next autumn they collected the ample harvest which inspired them to render thanks, making festive treating . The feast became a national tradition at Thanksgiving day - and not only due to the fact that so many Americans obtained prosperity on this land, but also due to the victims which have brought the first migrant for the sake of the liberty.

The festive supper at Thanksgiving day nearly always includes anything from that which was given on the first feast: roasted turkey, cranberry sauce, potatoes, pumpkin pie. Before proceeding with food, in many families or amongst friends, it is accepted to raise thanks for these grants and for joy of the meeting on the holiday.

In America Saint Valentine’s Day started to be celebrated later than in Europe - since 1777.

Initially the Americans started to send the marzipans to their brides at Saint Valentine’s Day. But marzipan contained sugar, which then cost very much. Really this tradition has gained the range after 1800 when the sugar beet began to be broadly used.

The American have adjusted to continent production and started to use caramels. They began to scratch out on candies the words corresponding to holiday. Caramels were dyed with white color. The red color meant the passion and white - the purity of love. In 50-ies the sweetmeats were put into cardboard bolls with the shape of heart.

But the Americans would not be the Americans if they would not contributed their own corrections. A week before the holiday schoolchildren slice papier-mâché hearts, paint and make different inscriptions. These hearts are also presented to the solitary, wretch and sick people.

The Independence Day is a day when The United States of America became free and independent country. The majority of the Americans name this holiday simply on its date - “The Fourth of July".

The holiday reminds of the July 4, 1776, when The Declaration of Independence was signed. The inhabitants of the 13 colonies, which were situated along east seaside of the present day United States’ territory, began the war with the King and Parliament of England, considering their treatment towards colonies wrong. The war began in 1775. During it the colonists understood that they fought not simply for the best treatment, but for liberation from The English Kingdom. This was clearly worded in Declaration of Independence which was signed by the leaders of the colony. That was the first time when The United States of America were referred to in official document.

On this holiday the Americans make the picnics and patriotic parades and at night - the concertoes and fireworks. Around the world the American flags are exposed (this also occurs at Memory Day and many other holidays). The July, 4 1976 - 200-year anniversary of Declarations of Independence - was celebrated vastly all over the country.

Each year on the last Monday of May the Americans remember the deceased. Earlier in this day it was usual to entrust the flags and flowers on the graves of the soldiers who died during the Civil war. Nowadays this day memorizes all fallen in wars and all gone from life in general.

In 1971 president Richard Nixon has declared the Memory Day a federal holiday. It is taken on the fourth Monday of May. Solemn ceremonies are organized all over the country. There people will return the debt of memories to their compatriots fallen in war or executing their civil duty. In many cities and populated points veterans participate in ceremonies on graveyards or beside monuments of the fallen. Sometimes the parades are conducted. And sometimes the services or other special events in churches , schools and other public places are organized.