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Hello, guys! Welcome to our grammar lessons!
My best friends Maddy, Kristie and Martin will help me make our lessons useful and enjoyable.
Come on! Let’s go.
Today we are going to look at the Passive Voice in English.
By the end of this lesson you will have a good understanding of when to use the Passive voice and how to form the passive sentences.
So let’s get started.
Maddy: Here we are in London. Oh look, the road’s closed.
Kristie: Look! They are making a film!
Martin: Lots of films are made in London.
Tommy: Who are the actors?
Martin: The actor’s names are written on this poster!
A sentence generally begins with the person who does the action – subject (подлежащее), then goes the verb (сказуемое) and the object or person that the action is performed on (дополнение над которым совершено действие). This is called an “Active” sentence.
They are making a film!
If we start the sentence with the object or person that the action is performed on, we form a “Passive” sentence.
Lots of films are made in London.
The actor’s names are written on this poster!
We use the Passive:
· when the subject is unknown, unimportant or obvious (неизвестен, не важен или очевиден) from the context.
E.g.
The children were driven to school. (We don’t know who drove them to school - unknown subject.)
All the tickets were sold out yesterday. (unimportant subject)
I haven’t been invited to Tom’s party. (by Tom - obvious subject)
· We also use the passive form when we are interested more in the action itself, not WHO performs it, such as in news reports, formal notices, instructions, processes, headlines, advertisements, etc.
E.g.
Taking pictures is not allowed. (written notice)
The local bank was robbed this morning. (news report)
Breakfast is served between 7-10.30 a.m. (formal notice)
· to make statements more formal or polite.
E.g. Passive: My new dress was spoilt. (more polite)
Active: You spoilt my new dress. (less polite)
· to put emphasis on the subject.
E.g. Star Wars was written by George Lucas.
Formation
We form the passive with the verb to be and the 3rd form of the main verb (past participle).
You have to be careful because the form of to be needs to be put in different tenses!
Read the text and find the passive verbs.
The hit science fiction film “Avatar” was written and directed by James Cameron.
It was released by the 20th Century Fox in 2009. It was given excellent review by most critics. The public was impressed by it, too.
Two sequels will be made by Cameron. The same actors were asked to star in the sequels. Avatar 2 is scheduled for release in December 2018.
Complete the table with the correct forms of the Present / Past and Future Simple Passive.
So, the Present Simple Passive form is - is scheduled. What other present forms of the verb to be do you know? Right, am and are – am scheduled, are scheduled.
We make the Present Simple Passive with am/is/are + the 3rd form of the main verb (past participle).
The Past Simple Passive forms are - was written, was released, was impressed, were asked.
We make the Past Simple Passive with was/were + the 3rd form of the main verb (past participle).
And the Future Simple Passive form is will be made.
We make the Future Simple Passive with will be + the 3rd form of the main verb (past participle).
Remember that we form regular verbs by putting the ending –ed to the main verb and irregular verbs using the list of irregular verbs or learning them by heart.
Changing from Active into Passive
When a sentence is turned from active into passive:
· the object of the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive sentence. (Дополнение в активном залоге становится подлежащим в пассивном залоге).
Remember that only verbs that take an object (transitive verbs – переходные глаголы) can become passive verbs:
E.g.
Active: Steven Spielberg directed the film.
Passive: The film was directed by Steven Spielberg.
But: They slept well. (The verb sleep in this sentence is intransitive; not followed by an object. The sentence cannot be changed into the passive).
Some transitive verbs, such as have, fit, resemble, suit, etc. cannot be changed into the passive.
E.g. I have got a dog.
Kristie: Hollywood is in America. Lots of films are made in Hollywood and it is filled with famous people. Lots of actors and actresses live in Hollywood. Their houses are built close to the famous Hollywood sign and decorated with old film souvenirs.
Hollywood is visited by thousands of tourists every year. They want to see the famous film studious and actors.
The main streets are decorated with bright lights and every evening shows are put on by dancers and musicians. It’s an exciting place!
In the passive sentences we can use by to say WHO or WHAT does the action.
Hollywood is visited by thousands of tourists every year.
Evening shows are put on by dancers and musicians.
We can use with to talk about what instrument/material or ingredient is used to do the action.
Hollywood is filled with famous people.
The main streets are decorated with bright lights.
Now it’s time to practice the rule with Martin.
Read five facts about television and find the passive forms.
Now check yourselves.
1. The word “television” means “seeing a long way”. Even if the pictures are filmed a long way away, we can still see them with a television. (are filmed is the Present Simple Passive form)
2. In the 1920s, the first television images were made by a Scottish man, John Logie Baird. (were made is the Past Simple Passive)
3. Over 150 million TVs are bought every year! (are bought is the Present Simple Passive)
4. Watching television is a popular activity for people all over the world.
5. Today lots of old television screens are recycled every day. The new television screens will be made then. (are recycled is the Present Simple Passive, will be made is the Future Simple Passive)
That`s all for today.
Join us at our grammar lessons at videouroki.net and you’ll realize that grammar is interesting.
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