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Look at this beautiful summer day in the Lake District. It’s a mountainous region in North West England. It’s a popular holiday destination. It’s famous not only for its lakes, forests and mountains (or fells), but also for its associations with the 19th century poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and the other Lake Poets. It’s situated within the modern county of Cumbria.
I know, these short words sound exactly the same, but [its] and [its] and [its] and [its] and [its] and [its] have quite different meanings and uses. “It’s” with apostrophe is an abbreviated form of ‘it is’ or ‘it has’ and without apostrophe it is a possessive pronoun. Let’s notice the difference.
Well, when it is pronounced [its] it can be actually written with apostrophe it’s that means a contraction of ‘it is’. For example,
It’s a beautiful weather, isn’t it?
It is a beautiful day today, isn’t it?
It also can be the contraction of it has, in all possible tenses. For example:
It’s been a great match, hasn’t it’ which is equal to It has been a great match, hasn’t it?
It’s can also be written as its without an apostrophe and in this case it indicates possessive, the same as ‘his’ or ‘her’, but we use it when it isn’t a gender. Let’s look at the example:
Its legs are so small. Whose legs? The bug’s legs.
A bug is an insect, so we can’t use ‘her legs’ or ‘his legs’. We need to say ‘i-t-s’, “its” legs, no apostrophe.
“It is” is usually used when we want to describe weather, “It’s a nice day. It’s hot today.” or to say what season is now, “It’s October the 3rd. It’s cold”, what time of day is today “It’s 8 o’clock in the morning”. It is also used when we need to share our opinion with somebody “It’s too big. It’s too loud”; or to make a statement about something: “It’s a surprise. It’s amazing”.
It's is also the contraction of "it has."
As a main verb “to have” implies the meaning of possession. For example:
He has 10 cows.
When it is used to indicate possession you can say "He has...=He’s/She has…=She’s" or you might see or hear "He has got...= He’s got / She has got …= She’s got ". She’s got a point.
When you are talking about actions, you only use "have". For example:
I usually have a light breakfast.
And we can’t make a contraction in these sentences.
The verb “to have” is used as an auxiliary verb to help other verbs create the perfect tense - auxiliary verb have [+ past participle].
He has gone to America. He’s been waiting here for a long time.
In addition, there is another use for “have” as a modal verb; have to or have got to. In this case we just can’t contract them to ‘he’s’ or ‘she’s’. Only sometimes shift to ‘he’s got to’ or ‘she’s got to’ but not always. This, of course, must be followed by another verb.
He has to have an operation next week. or Do I have to study?
“Its” is a possessive form; that is, it shows ownership the same way James's or Jane's does. It is Jane’s hobby. It is her hobby. It is James’ hobby. It is his hobby. But what about these creatures? We usually use ‘its’ describing their habits and their behaviour.
The cat dug its claws. Please, put it back in its place. The company provides health care and life insurance benefits to all of its employees.
A Good Rule of Thumb:
“Its” is the neuter version of his and her. If you can replace ‘its’ with ‘his’ or ‘her’, there's no apostrophe.
For example: “Please, rewrite your essay, Alexander. Its content is very good, but there are too many grammar and spelling errors.”
Her content is very good… His content is very good… It is content is very good… I has content is very good… So, the sentence should still work grammatically when you replace the “its” in it.
Let’s check up. Put ‘it’s’ = as it is, it’s =as it has or ‘its’ in each sentence.
Snowdonia
It’s a region in north Wales and a national park. It’s 2,130 km2 in area. It’s got 60 km of coastline. It’s been the first of the three National Parks in Wales. And It’s the 3rd National Park in Britain, following the Peak District and the Lake District. It’s English name derives from Snowdon. It’s the highest mountain in Wales. It’s height is 1,085 m It’s the third most visited National Park in England and Wales.
Snowdonia. It is a region in north Wales and a national park. It is 2,130 km2 in area. It has got 60 km of coastline. It has been the first of the three National Parks in Wales. And It is the 3rd National Park in Britain, following the Peak District and the Lake District. Its English name derives from Snowdon. It is the highest mountain in Wales. Its height is 1,085 m It is the third most visited National Park in England and Wales.
Test.
1. A maple tree is changing ___ leaves’ colour in autumn.
a. Its
b. It is
c. It has
2. I've heard that ______ going to be a hard winter this year.
a. Its
b. It is
c. It has
3. I wonder if _____ going to rain tomorrow.
a. Its
b. It is
c. It has
4. Oh, no! Look - ____ raining!
a. Its
b. It is
c. It has
5. I love the summer. ____ my favourite season.
a. Its
b. It is
c. It has
6. The dog carries ______ puppies by mouth.
a. Its
b. It is
c. It has
7. I haven't read the forecast yet, but I have heard ____ good.
a. Its
b. It is
c. It has
8. Check to see the rain if ____ gone.
a. Its
b. It is
c. It has
9. __ been raining for a week, and now __ starting to snow.
a. Its; its
b. It is; it has
c. It has; it is
10. ____ over.
a. Its
b. It is
c. It has
11. Do you think ___ ready?
a. Its
b. It is
c. It has
12. Every part of the world has ___ own climate.
a. Its
b. It is
c. It has
Until the 19th century, the contraction of "it is" was usually "'tis," which you can easily find in the poetry of that time and as often heard in Shakespeare's plays.
To be, or not to be, that is the question
Whether 'tis Nobler in the mind to suffer
The Slings and Arrows of outrageous Fortune,
Or to take Arms against a Sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them?
(William Shakespeare)
Быть или не быть, вот в чем вопрос. Достойно ль
Смиряться под ударами судьбы,
Иль надо оказать сопротивленье
И в смертной схватке с целым морем бед
Покончить с ними?
(Борис Пастернак)
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