Infectious diseases for 3rd patok

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20.10.2025. Тест. Всем учителям, Прочее

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Infectious diseases are illnesses that happen when tiny living beings get inside the body and multiply. Bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites are examples of organisms that can cause illness. Many organisms live in and on our bodies.

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Список вопросов теста

Вопрос 1

A 25-year-old male presents with step-ladder fever and rose spots. His blood culture is negative, but Widal test shows TO = 1:160 and TH = 1:320 on day 10.
Which interpretation is most accurate?

Варианты ответов

a) Indicates prior vaccination only
e) Indicates chronic carrier state
d) False positive due to heterophile antibodies
c) Consistent with acute typhoid infection
b) Suggests cross-reaction with malaria

Вопрос 2

A patient with typhoid fever on day 18 suddenly develops severe abdominal pain, tachycardia, and free gas under the diaphragm on X-ray. Which is the most likely mechanism?

Варианты ответов

a) Hemorrhagic necrosis of Peyer’s patches leading to perforation
b) Gallbladder obstruction by calculi
c) Hepatic microabscess rupture
d) Splenic infarction
e) Toxic megacolon

Вопрос 3

Which statement best explains the pathogenic mechanism of Shigella dysenteriae type 1?

Варианты ответов

a) Produces heat-labile enterotoxin stimulating cAMP
b) Invasively multiplies in the mucosa and releases Shiga toxin that inhibits 60S ribosomal subunit
c) Causes systemic bacteremia via lymphatic spread
d) Adheres to villi without invasion
e) Forms spores that resist gastric acidity

Вопрос 4

A 40-year-old man develops diplopia, dysphagia, and descending paralysis after eating home-canned mushrooms.Which laboratory confirmation is most specific?

Варианты ответов

a) Isolation of Clostridium botulinum from stool
b) Detection of toxin in serum using mouse bioassay
c) Positive PCR for toxin gene in food residue
d) Gram stain showing Gram-positive rods with spores
e) Increased acetylcholine in synaptic cleft

Вопрос 5

Which of the following statements differentiates hepatitis A from hepatitis E most accurately?

Варианты ответов

a) Both are transmitted parenterally
b) Both cause chronic liver disease in >10% cases
c) Hepatitis E has a higher fatality rate in pregnant women
d) Hepatitis A has a longer incubation period than hepatitis E
e) Hepatitis E confers no lifelong immunity

Вопрос 6

A patient’s results: HBsAg +, HBeAg –, anti-HBc IgM –, anti-HBe +, HBV-DNA undetectable.
What is the most likely phase of infection?

Варианты ответов

a) Acute HBV infection
b) Window period
c) Chronic active hepatitis
d) Inactive HBsAg carrier state
e) Resolved infection with residual antigenemia

Вопрос 7

A 36-year-old HBsAg-positive man develops acute hepatic failure. Anti-HDV IgM is positive, and HBV-DNA is low. Which statement best describes this case?

Варианты ответов

a) HDV co-infection with HBV in an uninfected host
b) HDV superinfection on chronic HBV leading to fulminant hepatitis
c) False-positive HDV result due to cross-reactivity
d) Reactivation of latent HDV
e) Autoimmune hepatitis with false serology

Вопрос 8

A 58-year-old diabetic presents with fever, dry cough, anosmia, and oxygen saturation = 89%. RT-PCR is positive for SARS-CoV-2, and D-dimer is elevated. Which mechanism explains the respiratory failure?

Варианты ответов

a) Viral replication in hepatocytes causing cytokine release
b) Complement activation with immune complex nephritis
c) Diffuse alveolar damage with microthrombi and endothelial injury
d) Secondary bacterial pneumonia causing ARDS
e) Alveolar hemorrhage from autoimmune vasculitis