Сравнительная таблица "Инфинитив и герундий"

to- infinitive

(to do)

bare infinitive

(do)

gerund

(doing)

to = чтобы

для выражения цели

will (Future Simple)

в роли существительного на месте подлежащего

afford agree appear ask decide expect explain find_out hope learn manage need offer plan promise refuse seem tell want volunteer

let smb do

make smb do

admit appreciate avoid consider continue deny fancy finish go imagine keep mind mention practise prevent quit save

advise allow encourage permit

require + SOMEBODY to

suggest smb do smth

advise allow encourage permit require suggest

in Passive constructions

be advised/be allowed/ be encouraged/ be permitted/ be required + to

used to – раньше, бывало

be used to – иметь привычку

get used to – приобретать привычку

(здесь to - предлог!)

would like/prefer/love/hate

had better

would rather

like/prefer/love/hate/enjoy/dislike

ПОСЛЕ прилагательных;

а также в конструкциях

so+adj+as

too + adj

adj + enough

ПОСЛЕ модальных глаголов: can/could/may/might/must/

should/have to/ought to

needn’t

ПОСЛЕ предлогов

in/about/to/for/on/without etc.

dare (=have courage to do sth)

dare (=threat)

start/begin/continue/intend/stop/

finish +to

если акцент на деятельности

start/begin/continue/intend/stop/finish

если акцент на длительности

BUT don’t have -ing+-ing together!

in Passive constructions

be seen to

be heard to

be watched to

be noticed to

be felt to

see

hear

watch

notice

feel

для обозначения завершенного действия

see/be seen doing

hear/be heard doing

watch/be watched doing

notice/be noticed doing

feel/be felt doing

для обозначения незавершенного действия

ПОСЛЕ некоторых сущ-ных

honour to

goal to

way to

spend

waste + time/money doing

lose

в устойчивых словосочетаниях:

only to

be the first to/ be the second to

to tell you the truth/to be honest

to begin with/to sum up

в устойчивых словосочетаниях:

object to

look forward to ( здесь to - предлог!)

in addition to

ПОСЛЕ неопределенных местоимений somebody/something/anybody/ anything etc.

после фраз:

be busy

it’s no use/ it’s no good

it’s worth/ it’s not worth

what’s the use of

there’s no point (in)

can’t stand (= hate)

can’t help (= can’t resist)

have difficulty (in)

have trouble (in)

ПОСЛЕ вопросительных слов

what/when/where/how

(кроме WHY)

to- infinitive

(to do)

bare infinitive

(do)

gerund

(doing)

to = чтобы

для выражения цели

will (Future Simple)

в роли существительного на месте подлежащего

afford agree appear ask decide expect explain find_out hope learn manage need offer plan promise refuse seem tell want volunteer

let smb do

make smb do

admit appreciate avoid consider continue deny fancy finish go imagine keep mind mention practise prevent quit save

advise allow encourage permit

require + SOMEBODY to

suggest smb do smth

advise allow encourage permit require suggest

in Passive constructions

be advised/be allowed/ be encouraged/ be permitted/ be required + to

used to – раньше, бывало

be used to – иметь привычку

get used to – приобретать привычку

(здесь to - предлог!)

would like/prefer/love/hate

had better

would rather

like/prefer/love/hate/enjoy/dislike

ПОСЛЕ прилагательных;

а также в конструкциях

so+adj+as

too + adj

adj + enough

ПОСЛЕ модальных глаголов: can/could/may/might/must/

should/have to/ought to

needn’t

ПОСЛЕ предлогов

in/about/to/for/on/without etc.

dare (=have courage to do sth)

dare (=threat)

start/begin/continue/intend/stop/

finish +to

если акцент на деятельности

start/begin/continue/intend/stop/finish

если акцент на длительности

BUT don’t have -ing+-ing together!

in Passive constructions

be seen to

be heard to

be watched to

be noticed to

be felt to

see

hear

watch

notice

feel

для обозначения завершенного действия

see/be seen doing

hear/be heard doing

watch/be watched doing

notice/be noticed doing

feel/be felt doing

для обозначения незавершенного действия

ПОСЛЕ некоторых сущ-ных

honour to

goal to

way to

spend

waste + time/money doing

lose

в устойчивых словосочетаниях:

only to

be the first to/ be the second to

to tell you the truth/to be honest

to begin with/to sum up

в устойчивых словосочетаниях:

object to

look forward to ( здесь to - предлог!)

in addition to

ПОСЛЕ неопределенных местоимений somebody/something/anybody/ anything etc.

после фраз:

be busy

it’s no use/ it’s no good

it’s worth/ it’s not worth

what’s the use of

there’s no point (in)

can’t stand (= hate)

can’t help (= can’t resist)

have difficulty (in)

have trouble (in)

ПОСЛЕ вопросительных слов

what/when/where/how

(кроме WHY)