Сomputer arhitecture

СOMPUTER ARHITECTURE

A computer is a universal tool for processing information data. Universal - because it can solve a wide range of tasks. This is a multifunction device, and it's better to say multi-program. It facilitates and accelerates the work on processing large and small volumes of information in all spheres of human activity.

The architecture of the computer is the logical organization and structure of the hardware resources of the computer system and software. This is a fundamental scheme and a functional description of the requirements and implementation of the main computer nodes. At the heart of the architecture is the organization of memory and ways of addressing it.

The architecture of modern PCs is based on the trunk-modular principle.

The modular principle allows the consumer to choose the configuration of the computer necessary for him and make its modernization if necessary. Modular organization of the system relies on the principle of the principle of information exchange.

The computer architecture is a logical organization and structure of the hardware and software resources of the computer system. Architecture encompasses the requirements for functionality and the principles of organization of the main computer nodes. The external architecture of a modern personal computer is the connection of a monitor, keyboard, and mouse and speaker system to the system unit.

The internal architecture of a modern personal computer is determined by the scheme of its chipset, a set of chips designed to work together to perform a set of functions. Computers the chipset in the computer serves as a connecting component that provides the joint functioning of memory subsystems, CPU, and others. Choice of the type of chipset depends on the processor with which it operates, and determines the types of external devices. An important direction in the development of computers for the fifth and subsequent generations is the intellectualization of computers, associated with the allocation of its elements of intelligence, the intellectualization of the interface with the user, etc. Work in this direction, primarily affecting the software, will require the creation of a computer of a certain architecture used in knowledge base management systems, - computer knowledge bases, as well as other subclasses of computers. In this case, the computer must have the ability to learn, to perform associative processing of information and to conduct an intellectual dialogue in solving specific problems.

In conclusion, we note that a number of these issues are implemented in the fifth-generation perspective computers or are in the process of technical elaboration, others are in the stage of theoretical research and searches.

The first documented computer architecture, which is in the correspondence between Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace, describing the analysis mechanism. When creating the Z1 computer in 1936, Conrad Tsui in two patent applications of his future projects. [2] Two other early and important examples:

John von Neumann's article of 1945, the first draft of the EDVAC report, in this descriptive organization of logical elements;

A more detailed Alan Turing Electronic Calculator proposed for the Automatic Computing Engine, also 1945 and which cited John von Neumann's article.

The term "architecture" in the computer literature can be traced back to Lyle R. Johnson, Friedrich P. Brooks Jr. and Mohammad Usman Khan. All of them were members of the military organization in the main IBM research center in 1959. Johnson had the opportunity to write his own research report on the Stretch supercomputer, developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (at that time known as the Los Alamos Science Laboratory). "Mutual assistance" is a term that seemed more useful than "machine organization".