Методическая разработка на тему: " Российская Федерация"

1. Read and translate the text.

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies about one-seventh of the earth's surface. It covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometres. The country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Belorussia, the Ukraine. It also has a sea-border with the USA.

There is hardly a country in the world where such a variety of scenery and vegetation can be found. We have steppes in the south, plains and forests in the midland, tundra and taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east.

There are two great plains in Russia: the Great Russian Plain and the West Siberian Lowland. There are several mountain chains on the territory of the country: the Urals, the Caucasus, the Altai and others. The largest mountain chain, the Urals, separates Europe from Asia.

There are over two million rivers in Russia Europe's biggest river, the Volga, flows into the Caspian Sea. The main Siberian rivers - the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena - flow from the south to the north. The Amur in the Far East flows into the Pacific Ocean.

Russia is rich in beautiful lakes. The world's deepest lake (1,600 metres) is Lake Baikal. It is much smaller than the Baltic Sea, but there is much more water in it than in the Baltic Sea. The water in the lake is so clear that if you look down you cant count the stones on the bottom.

Russia has one-sixth of the world's forests. They are concentrated in European north of the country, in Siberia and in the Far East.

On the vast territory of the country there are various types of dim-ate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the middle of the country the climate is temperate and continental.

Russia is very rich in oil, coal iron ore, natural gas, copper, nickel and other mineral resources.

Russia is a parliamentary republic. The Head of State is the President. The legislative powers are exercised by the Duma.

The capital of Rissia is Moscow. It is its largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial centre. It is one of the oldest Russian cities.

2. Learn geographical names and new vocabulary:

The Russian Federation - Российская Федерация;

Europe – Европа; Asia - Азия;

the Pacific Ocean - Тихий океан;

the Arctic Ocean - Северный Ледовитый океан;

the Atlantic Ocean -Атлантический океан;

China - Китай; Mongolia – Монголия; Korea – Корея;

Kazakhstan – Казахстан; Georgia – Грузия;

Azerbaijan – Азербайджан; Norway – Норвегия;

Finland – Финляндия.

The Baltic States - Прибалтийские государства;

the Baltic Sea – Балтийское Mope;

Far East - Дальний Восток;

Belorussia – Белоруссия;

the Ukraine – Украина;

the Great Russian Plain – Русская (Восточно-Европейская) равнина;

the West Siberian Lowland – Западносибирская низменность;

the Urals – Уральские горы;

the Caucasus -Кавказ;

the Altai – Алтай; the Volga - Волга;

the Caspian - Каспийское море;

the Ob - Обь; the Yenisei – Енисей; Amur – Амур;
Lake Baikal – озеро Байкал; Siberia – Сибирь.

to occupy – занимать

surface – поверхность

eastern – восточный

northern – северный

total area – общая площадь

the square – квадратный

kilometre – километр

to wash – омывать

to border on – граничить с

sea-border – морская граница

variety – разнообразие, множество

scenery – пейзаж, ландшафт

vegetation – растительность

steppe – степь

plain – равнина

midland – средняя полоса

tundra – тундра

taiga – тайга

highland - нагорье, высокогорная местность

mineral resources – полезные ископаемые

to decrease - снижаться, падать

constantly – постоянно

the rate of inflation - уровень инфляции

in spite of – несмотря на

the younger generation – молодое поколение

powerful - могучий

the younger generation – молодое поколений

chain – цепь

to separate – разделять

to flow into – впадать

Siberian – сибирский

to count – считать

bottom – дно

to concentrate – сосредотачиваться, концентрироваться

European – европейский

Vast – обширный

Territory – территория

Various – различный

Climate – климат, климатический пояс

Arctic – арктический

Subtropical – субтропический

Temperate – умеренный

Oil, coal, iron – нефть,уголь, газ

Copper – медь

Parliamentary – парламентский

Head of state – глава государства

Legislative – законодательный

Powers – полномочия

tо exercise – осуществлять, выполнять

Scientific – научный

Complicated – сложный, запутанный

3. Give the plural of nouns.

Country, part, sea, border, plain, mountain, river, lake, forest, stone, type, capital, centre, city, price, factory, plant, ocean, state.

4. Read and translate the numerals:

17 million square kilometres; by 12 seas; 3 oceans; one-seventh of the earth’s surface; over two million rivers; 1,600 metres; one-sixth of the world’s forests.

5. Form the adjectives with suffixe – ern.

West, east, north, south.

6. Find degrees of comparison.

The largest country; Europe’s biggest rives; the world’s deepest lake; much smaller; much more water; the oldest Russian cities.

7. Define the words:

Surface, square, two, rich, clear, that, bottom, if, vast, they, parliamentary, legislative, scientific, because, younger, concentrate, generation.

8. Translate the international words:

Federation, occupy, total, republic, continental, mineral, climate, type, concentrate, territory, resources, industrial.

9. Give the participles.

Separate, occupy, wash, look, have, count, exercise, decrease, lead, become, flow, be.

10. Translate the expressions.

1. Sea border – Russia borders on Finland

2. mountain chain – the highest mountain

3. the main Siberian rivers flow from the south – fast flow

4. the head of state – to head the department

11. Complete the sentences:

1. River, the, into, Volga, Europe’s, biggest, Caspian, the, flows, sea.

2. Rich, is, beautiful, Russia, in lakes.

3. Deepest, the, lake, Baikal, the, Lakes, world’s, is.

4. Is, parliamentary, Russia, a, republic.

5. State, the, Head, President, the, of, is.

6. One, cities, Russian, is, oldest, of, it, the.

7. Russia, is, capital, the, Moscow, of.

12. Answer the questions.

1. Where is the Russian Federation situated?

2. What is total area of the country?

3. What countries does Russian border' on?

4. What mountain chain separates Europe from Asia?

5. How many rivers are there in Russia?

6. Which is the longest river in Europe?

7. What do you know about Lake Baikal?

8. Do you know what strait separates Russian from America?

9. What mineral resources is the Russian Federation rich in?

10. What is the climate like in Russia?

11. What can you say about the Russian economy?

12. What great Russians do you know?