Foreign language, foreign philology and steps how to become linguist

Foreign language, foreign philology and steps how to become linguist

A foreign language is a language originally from another country. It is also a language not spoken in the native country of the person referred to, i.e., an English speaker living in Spain can say that Spanish is a foreign language to him or her. These two characterisations do not exhaust the possible definitions, however, and the label is occasionally applied in ways that are variously misleading or factually inaccurate.

Some children learn more than one language from birth or from a very young age: they are bilingual or multilingual. These children can be said to have two, three or more mother tongues: neither language is foreign to that child, even if one language is a foreign language for the vast majority of people in the child's birth country. For example, a child learning English from his English father and Irish at school in Ireland can speak both English and Irish, but neither is a foreign language to him. This is common in countries such as India, South Africa, or Canada due to these countries having multiple official languages.

In general, it is believed that children have advantage to learning a foreign language over adults. However, there are studies which have shown adult students are better at foreign language learning than child students. It is because adults have pre-existing knowledge of how grammar works, and a superior ability of memorizing vocabulary.In a multi-lingual and multi-cultural world, the Foreign Philology programme aims to provide young philologists with the superior scientific qualifications that will assist them in their future professional careers. Philology is a multi-level discipline which has many aspects, from the restoration of texts to their thorough interpretation. It offers a great breadth and variety, distinction and diversity as the texts it studies; however, in terms of methodology it is uniform and founded upon the theory of artistic speech, literature and the history of ideas. The undergraduate Foreign Philology provides comprehensive training in all areas of English Language studies. Course work is offered in Grammar, advanced literature, historical periods, important authors and literary movements, literary theory and linguistics. All students develop a broad competence in general topics of English language philology before moving to a more specialized knowledge of a single area or topic.

Interpreters and translators who work for federal agencies like the FBI may not need to have a degree, but still must have strong language skills in English and native-level fluency in at least one other language. Those who wish to teach English as a second language need a bachelor's degree and often some specialized training in language pedagogy. Language researchers and analysts who work for tech companies, government agencies and various other types of firms, typically hold a bachelor's or master's degree in linguistics. Professors of linguistics and other advanced researchers in academia and industry normally need a PhD, but may not need to become fluent in any languages. However, undergraduate and graduate programs in linguistics generally require knowledge of at least one foreign language. Foreign language study in high school can provide good preparation for later language requirements, as well as for translating, interpreting or teaching language.

While some interpreting and translating jobs do not necessarily require a bachelor's degree, most linguist career options do. Linguistics majors can expect to take courses in such areas as phonology, semantics, grammatical analysis, foreign language teaching and language in society.

Those who know they want to be interpreters or translators in a specialized area, such as finance, healthcare, science or the law, should pick a major related to that area or a foreign language, literature, or English. For those who wish to work in language education, combining education and linguistics coursework and language study may be the best path.

Combine linguistics with a related field, like anthropology or psychology, in a double major to enhance your options and prospects on the job market. An interdisciplinary approach with complementary fields not only increases the range of relevant careers, but also enhances a graduate's marketability in either field with the added skills and perspectives from the other discipline.

Computational linguistics is a booming subfield that merges linguistics with computer science to develop technologies like machine translation and speech recognition software. Computational linguists generally find a broader range of employment options in private industry than other linguistics graduates. They also acquire familiarity with programming languages, algorithms and other IT tools that could be put to marketable use in other jobs. Aspiring computational linguists should take classes in theoretical and computational linguistics, statistics, math and computer science. A combined BA/MA program in this field of study may be available.

Immersion in a foreign language through extended time abroad can be invaluable for those seeking to achieve fluency in a non-native language. Time overseas also confers cultural expertise that can be essential to professional translators and interpreters. Aspiring linguists can research what programs and scholarship funds are available to secure a study abroad opportunity during college.

Volunteering or interning is a good way to gain experience and build a portfolio. The American Translators Association and the Red Cross work together to place volunteer interpreters in crisis situations. Students may also find volunteer opportunities at community organizations or hospitals. For those who cannot afford time as an unpaid volunteer or intern, there are abundant employment opportunities teaching English abroad. Training and certification in teaching English as a second language is recommended and sometimes required to teach overseas.In computational linguistics, where job ads may include a long list of technical specifications, internships are an ideal way to gain specific skills (and contacts) in a real-world environment.

The most successful interpreters and translators are worldly in their knowledge of history, politics, international affairs, economics and other important areas of contemporary life. Reading newspapers and books on various topics and watching TV in all relevant languages can continuously sharpen skills as an aspiring translator or interpreter and introduce broad multicultural knowledge.

For interpreters and translators, certification is not generally required, but it can be beneficial. The American Translators Association offers certifications in 24 languages to those who pass an exam and achieve a requisite level of education and/or experience. There are also specialized certifications offered by government authorities and non-profit organizations for sign language, conference, court and healthcare interpreters and others who demonstrate proficiency.

Master's degree programs in linguistics are designed to provide a professional, rather than strictly academic, credential in an area with many practical applications, like computational linguistics or sociolinguistics. Some of these programs may be completed in 12 months, instead of the normal two years. These programs focus more on networking, job market preparation, placement and other career-related skills and concerns. For students who want a marketable specialization and a career in the private sector, one of these programs may be the best route to earning a master's degree.

Computational linguists and other language research and analyst positions may require graduate training in linguistics or a related field (such as computer science for computational linguists or education for applied linguists) to obtain higher-level positions. Graduate programs in linguistics may award professional master's degrees and Master of Arts degrees in teaching, as well as research-oriented Master of Science degrees. Earning a master's normally takes around two years. For those who wish to pursue an academic career, a research-oriented master's program is the best preparation for continuing into a PhD program.

Conference interpreters, who provide interpreting services at international business and diplomatic gatherings, often obtain a master's or other graduate-level training in this highly skilled specialty. Other interpreters or translators may opt to complete a more generalized graduate program in their field. These master's degree programs include courses on such topics as public speaking, translation project management and computer-assisted translation.