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Вопрос 1
. By which of the following methods can HIV infection be transmitted?**
1 – Through breastfeeding by an HIV-infected mother*
2 – Through household care of an HIV-infected person
3 – Through shared stay with an HIV-infected person in a medical facility
4 – Through shared use of dishes with an infected person
Варианты ответов
- Through breastfeeding by an HIV-infected mother
- Through shared use of dishes with an infected person
- Through shared stay with an HIV-infected person in a medical facility
- Through household care of an HIV-infected person
Вопрос 2
The most common source of HIV infection is individuals in the following stages:**
Варианты ответов
- 1 – Asymptomatic (latent)
- 2 – Stage of secondary clinical manifestations
- 3 – Terminal stage
- 4 – Late stage
Вопрос 3
The incubation period of HIV infection:
Варианты ответов
- 1 – Up to 3 weeks
- 2 – From 3 weeks to 3 months
- 3 – From 3 weeks to several years
- 4 – From 5 to 10 days
Вопрос 4
Which of the following groups are at the highest risk of HIV infection?**
Варианты ответов
- 1 – Pregnant women
- 2 – Blood donors
- 3 – Cancer patients
- 4 – Homosexual men
- 5 – Patients with Kaposi's sarcoma
Вопрос 5
At which stages of HIV infection can ELISA results be negative?**
Варианты ответов
- Acute infection (stage 2B)
- 2Asymptomatic infection (stage 2A)
- Stage of secondary diseases (stage 4B)
- Last Stage of secondary diseases (stage 4B)
Вопрос 6
Under what circumstances can an HIV infection diagnosis be confirmed?**
Варианты ответов
- After a single positive ELISA result at the first stage
- After confirmation of a positive result in a reference laboratory using ELISA
- After a positive ELISA result at the first stage, confirmed by Western blot at the second stage
- After a single positive PCR result at the first stage
Вопрос 7
A negative HIV test result using ELISA:
Варианты ответов
- Confirms the absence of HIV infection
- Does not fully guarantee the absence of HIV infection
- Serves as a basis for the conclusion "HIV antibodies not detected
Вопрос 8
HIV antibodies in infected individuals are most commonly detected:
Варианты ответов
- One month after infection
- Six months after infection
- Within 1–2 weeks after infection
- Three months after infection
Вопрос 9
Maximum storage time for blood intended for HIV testing at room temperature:**
Варианты ответов
- 3 hours
- 12 hours
- 24 hours
- 48 hours
Вопрос 10
Maximum storage time for blood intended for HIV testing in a refrigerator at +4 to +8°C:
Варианты ответов
- 3 hours
- 12 hours
- 24 hours
- 48 hours
Вопрос 11
Maximum storage time for blood serum intended for HIV testing in a refrigerator at +4 to +8°C:
Варианты ответов
- 24 hours
- 48 hours
- 5 days
- 7 days
Вопрос 12
Hand hygiene protocol when contaminated with blood or serum:
Варианты ответов
- Wash with running water, disinfect with 70% alcohol
- Disinfect with 70% alcohol, wash with running water, disinfect again with 70% alcohol
- Disinfect with 70% alcohol, disinfect again with 5% iodine
- Wash with running water, disinfect with 5% iodine
Вопрос 13
Actions to take in case of skin injuries (cuts, needle sticks):
Варианты ответов
- 1 – Squeeze out blood from the wound, remove gloves, disinfect with 70% alcohol
- Squeeze out blood from the wound, remove gloves, disinfect with 0.5% potassium permanganate
- Remove gloves, squeeze out blood, disinfect with 5% iodine
- Remove gloves, squeeze out blood, disinfect with 70% alcohol, then with 5% iodine
Вопрос 14
The proper method for disinfecting gloves contaminated with blood:
Варианты ответов
- Soak in 1% chloramine solution for 60 minutes
- Boil in distilled water for 30 minutes
- Soak in 3% chloramine solution for 60 minutes
Вопрос 15
A high number of circulating viral particles in the blood determines the likelihood of:
Варианты ответов
- A rapid increase in the number of immune cells
- A rapid decrease in the number of immune cells
- A slow increase in the number of immune cells
- A slow decrease in the number of immune cells
Вопрос 16
HIV is characterized by:
Варианты ответов
- High variability
- High mutability
- A single-stranded DNA genome
- Lack of an envelope
Вопрос 17
The diagnosis of HIV infection in the incubation period is based on:
Варианты ответов
- Medical history
- Instrumental data
- Epidemiological data
- Clinical presentation
Вопрос 18
A distinctive feature of retroviruses is:
Варианты ответов
- The presence of reverse polymerase enzyme
- The presence of reverse transcriptase enzyme
- The presence of chromosomal replicase enzyme
- The absence of reverse transcriptase enzyme
Вопрос 19
What is "Viral Load"?
Варианты ответов
- A large number of circulating antibodies in the blood
- A high concentration of circulating viral particles in the blood
- A large number of circulating immune complexes in the blood
- A low concentration of circulating viral particles in the blood
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