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Вопрос 1
Choose the statement of the synthetic theory
Варианты ответов
- mutational and combinational variability serve as the material for evolution
- the influence of the external environment is aimed at the development of useful features
- the elementary unit of evolution is the species
- modification variability serves as the material for evolution
Вопрос 2
Choose the correct statement
Варианты ответов
- natural selection and heredity represent biological factors of anthropogenesis
- "Neanderthal" in translation means "new man"
- in the process of evolution, the brain volume remains unchanged
- "Australopithecus" is a man from Australia
Вопрос 3
The feature of living systems that experiences most of pressure from the natural selection is:
Варианты ответов
- the ability of organisms to grow
- the ability of self-regulation
- high fertility
- metabolic ability
Вопрос 4
Choose the correct statement
Варианты ответов
- organisms destroy biomass residues
- oxidative processes happen in organisms
- the biosphere needs an inflow of external energy
- carbohydrates are formed in plants during photosynthesis and serve as a source of energy for other organisms.
Вопрос 5
The process which is a part of microevolution
Варианты ответов
- biological progress
- exchange of genes between populations
- idioadaptation
- aromorphosis
Вопрос 6
Choose the species that does not refer to group of ancient people (archantrops):
Варианты ответов
- homo habilis
- homo sapiens
- homo erectus
- Australopithecus
Вопрос 7
Choose the feature of the natural ecosystem
Варианты ответов
- predominance of monocultures
- open cycle of substances
- stability, ability to long-term existence
- a complex network of relationships between organisms
Вопрос 8
Which natural formation refers to the biogenic substance of the biosphere?
Варианты ответов
- basalt
- oil (petroleum)
- clay
- chalk
Вопрос 9
Which statement refers to the theory of C. Darwin?
Варианты ответов
- when creating breeds and varieties, the guiding factor is artificial selection
- the species is heterogeneous and is represented by many populations
- within the species, divergence of characters does not lead to formation of new species
- internal pursuit of excellence is the factor in evolution
Вопрос 10
Which factor affects the evolution of the homo sapiens species during the modern stage?
Варианты ответов
- geographical isolation
- mutations
- natural selection
- biological isolation
Вопрос 11
What is the name of mutually beneficial cohabitation, when either one of the partners, or both cannot exist without a cohabitant?
Варианты ответов
- protocooperation
- mutualism
- commensalism
- amenalism
Вопрос 12
Initial stage of migration of substances in the biosphere is:
Варианты ответов
- organic substances created by plants during photosynthesis, become converted by animals
- conversion of solar radiation energy by autotrophic organisms during photosynthesis
- mineralization of complex organic residues
- transfer of organic substances by chains in the trophic net
Вопрос 13
The example of the motive form of natural selection:
Варианты ответов
- mutant forms of fish which are immediately eaten, appear in a lake
- antibiotic resistant cells appear among bacterial colonies
- selection is aimed at preserving birds with medium fertility
- all the variants represent examples
Вопрос 14
What was one of the outcomes of the evolution of Neanderthals?
Варианты ответов
- the use of tools
- upright posture
- emergence of primitive speech
- changes in the shape of the skull
Вопрос 15
Destroying predators in the community leads to:
Варианты ответов
- the most favorable conditions for the existence of prey organisms
- emergence of genotypes with adaptive advantages
- flourishing and reproduction of populations of prey organisms
- change in the optimal conditions for the existence of populations
Вопрос 16
The biogenic migration of atoms is called as …... cycle
Варианты ответов
- biochemical
- biogeochemical
- chemical
- biological
Вопрос 17
Positive aspects of the theory of J.-B. Lamarque
Варианты ответов
- reasonability of changes
- inheritance of favorable traits
- establishment of kinship between organisms
- internal desire for progress, suggesting the role of "creator"
Вопрос 18
Identify the trait of a person based on his belonging to the subtype of the vertebrates
Варианты ответов
- nutrition of the fetus through the placenta
- the heart is located in the ventral side of the body
- thoracic and abdominal cavities are separated by a diaphragm
- two-sided symmetry of the body
Вопрос 19
What is the name of the interaction between populations when one of them suppresses the other without any benefit to itself
Варианты ответов
- mutualism
- commensalism
- amenalism
- protocooperation
Вопрос 20
At which stage of the cycle of substances (matters), there is no energy transfer?
Варианты ответов
- from producers to consumers I
- from consumers I to consumers II
- from consumers II to reducers
- from reducers to producers
Вопрос 21
The result of which evolution form is represented by butterfly and bat wings?
Варианты ответов
- divergence
- convergence
- concurrency (parallelism)
- idioadaptation
Вопрос 22
Mark the correct statement. It is considered that the ancient people:
Варианты ответов
- no longer had prominent brow ridges
- the brain mass has reached 600g
- there was no chin protrusion
- knew how to use fire
Вопрос 23
What are the names of organisms that can live in various habitats?
Варианты ответов
- stenohaline
- eurybate
- euryoecic
- stenotopic
Вопрос 24
The main difference of the biosphere from other covers of the Earth is that:
Варианты ответов
- no geochemical processes happen in the biosphere, but only biological evolution
- only other sources of energy are used in the biosphere
- geological and biological evolutions occur simultaneously
- only geological evolution takes place in the biosphere
Вопрос 25
The elementary factor of evolution according to the Synthetic Theory of Evolution is:
Варианты ответов
- gene drift
- hereditary variability
- natural selection
- divergence
Вопрос 26
Who is considered the closest common ancestor of man and human-like monkeys?
Варианты ответов
- Pithecanthropus
- Driopithecus
- Australopithecus
- synanthropus
Вопрос 27
Multiple-repeated changing of one biocenosis by another, changing of dominant species based on competition is called:
Варианты ответов
- recultivation
- resistance
- succession
- biomass increment
Вопрос 28
What natural formation belongs to the stagnant substance of the biosphere?
Варианты ответов
- sea salt
- sea mud
- soil
- clay
Вопрос 29
undirected, accidental changes of the gene pool:
Варианты ответов
- artificial selection
- migration, natural selection
- migration, natural disasters
- natural selection, mutations
Вопрос 30
Who lived in the era of the great glaciation?
Варианты ответов
- Cro-Magnons
- synanthrops
- Neanderthals
- all answers are correct
Вопрос 31
Where are the main reserves of fresh water located?
Варианты ответов
- in rivers
- in lakes
- in glaciers
- in underground water bodies
Вопрос 32
Which feature characterizes agrocenosis?
Варианты ответов
- a high number of plants of one species
- a large amount of plants and animals
- closed cycle of substances
- species have various adaptations to coexistence
Вопрос 33
Choose which isolation mechanisms are most peculiar to animals and which are peculiar to plants:
Варианты ответов
- plants - ethological, animals - temporary
- plants - temporary, animals - ethological
- plants - temporary, animals - no isolation
- all answers are correct
Вопрос 34
Choose the characteristics of the human based on his belonging to the type of the chordates
Варианты ответов
- the skin contains glands
- the neural tube is located in the dorsal side of the body of the embryo
- the complexification of the forebrain
- the heart is located in the ventral side of the body
Вопрос 35
The branch of ecology that studies the life of communities of organisms (ecosystems, biogeocenoses) is called:
Варианты ответов
- megaecology
- synecology
- autoecology
- bioecology
Вопрос 36
Reasons for stability of ecosystems
Варианты ответов
- carried out in one direction
- contribute to formation of mature biogeocenoses
- self-regulation
- high consumption of primary products
Вопрос 37
Choose active mechanisms of macroevolution
Варианты ответов
- natural extinction
- natural selection
- all answers are correct
- struggle for existence
Вопрос 38
Which subclass does the homo sapiens belong to?
Варианты ответов
- Cranials
- animals
- placental
- Vertebrates
Вопрос 39
Which of the given factors is abiotic?
Варианты ответов
- chemical composition of water
- plankton diversity
- presence of bacteria in the air
- variety of plants
Вопрос 40
The substance of the biosphere that represents significant biogeochemical energy in the biosphere:
Варианты ответов
- living matter
- biostaagnant matter
- biogenic matter
- stagnant matter
Вопрос 41
Which of the given factors is mutagenic:
Варианты ответов
- thermal radiation
- metabolic products of fatty acids
- metabolic products of ethyl alcohol
- artificial vitamins
Вопрос 42
First morphological differences between cells appear during the stage of:
Варианты ответов
- zygote
- blastula
- gastrula
- neurula
Вопрос 43
Respiration mechanism, based on contraction of the diaphragm, is peculiar to:
Варианты ответов
- fish
- amphibians
- reptiles
- mammals
Вопрос 44
Parents with normal karyotype gave birth to a girl, in whose diploid cells 3 X-chromosomes were found. Which form of variability do these changes are referred to?
Варианты ответов
- combinative
- modification
- mutational
- accidental phenotypical
Вопрос 45
The process of the nerve tube formation in the embryo is called as:
Варианты ответов
- epiboly
- gastrulation
- neurulation
- differentiation
Вопрос 46
For the first time, embryonic membranes appear in:
Варианты ответов
- lancelet
- reptiles
- birds
- mammals
Вопрос 47
Identify the description of somatic mutation
Варианты ответов
- is transferred to the following generation in sexual reproduction
- often serves as the reason for development of malignant mutations
- happens in gametes or precursor cells of gametes
- does not cause «mosaicity of the organism»
Вопрос 48
Emergence of deformities and inborn development defects in the result of normal course of ontogenesis is called as:
А) delamination
Б) invagination
В) epiboly
Г) teratogenesis
Варианты ответов
- delamination
- invagination
- epiboly
- teratogenesis
Вопрос 49
Body integuments, represented by multilayer epithelium, its derivatives and skin glands, are peculiar to:
Варианты ответов
- lancelet
- reptiles
- amphibians
- mammals
Вопрос 50
Identify the mutation that involves the largest amount of genetic material
Варианты ответов
- point substitution of a nucleotide
- polyploidy
- trisomy
- deletion of a triplet
Вопрос 51
Direct development is peculiar to the following animals:
Варианты ответов
- crustaceans
- amphibians
- reptiles
- coelenterates
Вопрос 52
Closed circulatory system with one circulation cycle and two-chamber heart, is peculiar to:
Варианты ответов
- reptiles
- fish
- lancelet
- amphibians
Вопрос 53
Identify the feature with the widest norm of a reaction
Варианты ответов
- the amount of heart beats per minute
- chemical composition of hemoglobin molecules
- рН of blood
- body temperature
Вопрос 54
The sequence of development stages from the zygote of one generation to the zygote of new generation is:
Варианты ответов
- ontogenesis
- metamorphosis
- ontophylogenesis
- life cycle
Вопрос 55
Which is peculiar to lungs of the reptiles:
Варианты ответов
- thick spongy structure
- smooth thin walls
- alveolate structure
- emergence of air sacs
Вопрос 56
Which is peculiar to lungs of the reptiles:
Варианты ответов
- thick spongy structure
- smooth thin walls
- alveolate structure
- emergence of air sacs
Вопрос 57
Complete separation of respiratory system from digestive system happens in:
Варианты ответов
- fish
- amphibians
- reptiles
- mammals
Вопрос 58
Which embryonic membrane is developed from ectoderm?
Варианты ответов
- allantois
- chorion
- amnion
- trophoblast
Вопрос 59
Age modification is:
Варианты ответов
- winter shedding of moose
- reaching the stage of puberty
- increase in the body mass due to training
- formation of pigmentation spots on skin
Вопрос 60
Two blood circulation cycles appear for the first time in:
Варианты ответов
- birds
- amphibians
- mammals
- reptiles
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