Контрольное чтение в формате ЕГЭ (задания на определение уровня сформированности коммуникативных умений читать аутентичные тексты на ИЯ).

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1 - Раздел 1. Чтение

1. Задания на множественные соответствия (Multiple Matching)

1. Improper upbringing

2. People have much in common

3. There is a time for everything

4. The best way to congratulate anyone

5. Advertisement

6. The game to improve your health

7. Noble people

8. Health problems

A. Are you stuck for ideas on how to entertain your kids? Outdoor games could be perfect, enabling your kids to have fun and exercise at the same time. As you might expect, the games vary considerably in terms of size and price. Don’t worry though — the biggest, the most expensive toys and games don’t have to be purchased. Many children are easily satisfied with smaller games. Starting at the smaller end of the spectrum, a kite can represent a great gift. There’s nothing quite like the thrill of watching a kite soar up into the sky and they are also relatively cheap to purchase.

B. We all do it at least once, we say we’re going to stay on budget this Christmas and then we blow the budget and put everything on our credit cards. This isn’t unusual, people all over the country have done it and it’s not only our faults. Retailers make it much easier to get approved for credit cards. In fact, how many of us have gone into a store and been offered a discount on a purchase if we apply for a credit card.

C. It is a well-known fact that we tend to spoil our pets. We want them to have the best of everything but recent studies have shown that pampering our pets might actually do as much harm as good. One recent study from an undisclosed source claims that we are actually making our beloved pets stupid by spoiling them. We are in such a hurry to make their lives easier that we take away their need to solve problems on their own. The less they have to loose their brains the less they can do on their own.

D. A concern veterinarians have regarding spoiled pets is weight. The more we spoil the pet, the more obese it seems to become. The obesity can affect the skeletal system until hip problems start to develop, it can cause respiratory and cardiac problems. The problem with older overweight pets is that every time they are brought to the vet clinic they are exposed to more bacteria and viruses that can lead to still more endless trips to the vet.

E. Have you ever heard of exercises that can help to improve your eyesight? This question seems like a little bit absurd, but the answer is quite definite. Scientific research has been carried out to prove that badminton is beneficial in improving eyesight. You may like badminton in your leisure hours and play joyfully with your friends. But before you know the extra function of badminton, surely you are just treating it as a way of pastime. Of course, it would be even greater if only you have learned that effect earlier.

F. As it is known to all, fruits are rich in nutrients and bioactive substances which are beneficial to our health. However, not all people know how we can entirely absorb fruits’ nutrients to the body without adverse effects when eating fruits. So you should learn to grasp the different time. In the morning, the best fruits are apples, pears and grapes. Eating fruits in the morning can help digestion, absorption and enabling constipation. Some fruits such as cherry, tomatoes, orange, banana are not allowed to eat before meals. After meals pineapple, papaya, kiwi, orange and hawthorn are the best fruits you should choose to eat.

G. Nine out of ten of us will need blood some time in our lives. In the United States, more than 40,000 units of blood are used daily. A unit is a pint, about 500 milliliters. The average adult has between eight and twelve pints of blood. Most adults can easily spare one. People can donate blood every 56 days. The blood count returns to normal in three or four weeks. Only 5 percent of people eligible to give blood do so. They fulfill a great need.

1.2. Задания на восстановление в тесте пропущенных частей предложений (Gapped text)

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предло­жений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1— 7лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие ча­сти предложения, в таблицу.

Barbie, the glamorous blonde doll beloved by little girls around the world, is A________. She is also the most long-lived toy on the market, a fact that was celebrated throughout the world when she recently had her 40 birthday.

But in a tiny village in Bavaria there was no celebration, only bitterness and regret. In the Hausser home Rolf and Lily ignored the global celebrations В_______, as they have done so many times over the past four decades, about how badly they have been treated by history, or, to be more accurate, by Barbie’s secret history. Like many stars, Barbie is not what she seems. Not only is she older than her official age but Barbie is not her real name, what’s more, she isn’t even American, she’s German.

Barbie’s real name is in fact Lili. She is 45, not 40, and was bom in a small town near Nuremberg. The secret story of the Barbie doll is about small-town naivety against big business determination. Above all, it is С______ , a man who has been erased from Barbie’s history so completely that only a few people in the world know that he was the true creator of the Barbie doll. But instead of making a fortune when she became a worldwide success, Rolf Hausser lost everything.

It was in 1952 that Lili was born, D________ , as a cartoon character for the daily German newspaper Bild Zeitung. Their cartoonist Beuthin had the idea of a girl who was sexy, E_____with a snub nose and a face like an angel.

She was named Lili, and by 1955 she was so popular that Beuthin suggested that a doll should be made as a present for visitors to the newspaper. After many attempts to find the right toymaker, he finally found Rolf Hausser, the son of a famous toy manufacturer, who together with his brother Kurt had set up a very successful toy company called O&M Hausser. Rolf was fascinated by the idea of making a doll F_________, and he agreed to try. Lili the doll went on the market on August 12, 1955, and became an overnight success.

1. in her first incarnation

2. pointed out the Lili doll

3. an icon of American femininity

4. but essentially innocent

5. and instead complained bitterly

6. with the shape and curves of a mature woman

7. a story of the tragedy of bitter old man

1. Задания на множественный выбор (Multiple Choice)

1. G. Wells was born in 1866 in Bromley. He claimed to have a very ordinary brain, but in fact he predicted air attacks and atomic bombs long before they existed. He took no pleasure in being right though. Instead it just added to his growing feeling of pessimism. His last book was Mind at the End of its Tether, a work full of despair. In his final year he spent his time painting a mural in his home which showed the process of evolution, ending with the figure of Man. Beneath this figure he wrote Time to Go’.

Wells’ parents were, at various times, shopkeepers and servants. Wells was destined to become a shop assistant, but after suffering an accident as a child he was forced to spend a long time in bed. This period of inactivity gave him a love of reading which developed his imagination. After leaving school he first worked in a curtain shop, then trained as a teacher and biologist, but after this decided to write books for a living. At the age of 27, working by candlelight in a room in Kent (his landlady complained he used too many candles), he wrote the book that made his name, The Time Machine. It is the story of an unnamed time traveller who meets strange people in the future and witnesses the end of the world. It was a great success with Victorian readers.

Wells went on to produce ‘scientific romances’ and short stories which were serialised in publications like the Strand Magazine. Many science fiction themes — aliens coming to earth, planetary disasters and so on — were dealt with in these early stories. Wells’ ability to create such original work was amazing. He turned everyday events into incredible fantasies: a conversation about colonialism became The War of the Worlds and a walk round London was turned into The Invisible Man. Some of the predictions made in his books included the use of aeroplanes and tanks in war, the rise of the middle class, the liberation of women and the need for a world state.

His own background gave him the basic materials for his best novels, which were realistic comedies of lower-middle-class life. In these he was at his peak as an artist. Though he continued to write novels, his talent as a fiction writer was gradually over-whelmed by his enthusiasm for scientific knowledge and social change. His idea was that civilisation was ‘a race between education and catastrophe’, and though the catastrophe of the First World War damaged his optimism, he continued to fight for social change.

Wells’ most important act is probably his least known. At the start of World War II, Wells produced a statement of human rights and formed a committee to work on this. The Declaration of the Rights of Man was published in many different languages and stimulated discussion worldwide. After the War, this document greatly influenced the wording of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights.

11 What made Wells become displeased in later life?

1. having an ordinary brain

2. making wrong predictions

3. being right about the future

4. being a pessimist

12 What type of work was Wells originally destined to do?

1. administration

2. writing

3. cleaning

4. sales

13 What helped his imagination to grow?

1. reading

2. listening to his parents

3. making predictions

4. writing books

14 Wells’ first book .

1. was based on his own experience

2. was written in London

3. was not interesting for readers

4. gained him popularity

15 What sort of stories did Wells write at first?

1) romantic

2) futuristic

1. war

2. mystery

16 Wells’ ‘incredible fantasies’ were developed from _____.

1. alien invasions of earth

2. exploring planets

3. ordinary incidents

4. scientific predictions

17 How did the First World War affect Wells?

1. It changed his writing style.

2. He became more hopeful.

3. He stopped writing novels.

4. He became less positive.

2 - Раздел 1. Чтение

1. Задания на множественные соответствия (Multiple Matching)

1. Pay compliments

2. Start with the obvious things

3. Ask about their personal problems

4. Turn the attention to others

5. Avoid difficult themes

6. It’s not so difficult

7. Pay attention

8. Use friendly body language

A. You’re at a cocktail party. There are lots of people there but there’s nobody that you know. What do you do? The good conversationalist would choose to walk up to someone and introduce yourself. We all know people like that — people who can talk to anyone about anything. How do they do it? Well, the good news is that there is no great secret to small talk. There are just some simple techniques that anyone can use to start a conversation and keep it going.

B. In the film Annie Hall Diane Keaton and Woody Allen have just met and they want to impress each other. While they are talking their inner thought appear in sub-title on the screen. ’Listen to me-what a jerk. He probably thinks I’m stupid.’ Thoughts like these kill a conversation. So don’t try to impress other people. Just relax and be yourself. When you talk to someone you show that you are interested in them. So you don’t have to talk about deeply important things. Just talk about simple things like the weather or a television programme that you saw.

C. TV journalist Barbara Walters recalls that when she was younger she met the author, Truman Capote. She wanted to tell him that she liked his book. However, she thought that he must be tired of hearing that, so she just mumbled ’How do you do?’ and turned away. She forgot that everybody likes to receive a compliment and it’s an easy way into a conversation, especially if you follow it up with a question: ’I really liked your book. How long did it take you to write it?’ or ’That’s a nice jacket. Where did you buy it?’

D. Your face and your body can communicate much more than your words. If you stand with your arms folded or if you keep looking around the room, the conversation will quickly end because you will look uninterested. Instead, you should make eye contact; keep an open posture and smile. If you send out friendly messages, you will get friendly messages back.

E. A Victorian lady once compared the two British prime ministers, Gladstone and Disraeli. ’When you speak to Mr Gladstone’, she said, ’you think he is the most interesting man in the world. But when you speak to Mr Disraeli, you feel that you are the most interesting woman in the world.’ People like to talk about themselves and they will think you are fascinating if you ask questions that allow them to do so.

F. But people often don’t listen properly. They are too busy thinking about the next thing that they themselves want to say. Good conversationalists listen carefully and they show that they are listening, too. They ask questions, nod their head in agreement or say things like ’Oh, that sounds exciting’.

G. There are some topics that you should avoid. Don’t ask people about personal problems, money or religion. It’s also a good idea to avoid the kind of statements that say T’m right. You’re wrong’. It’s all right to express your opinions but soften your comments with expressions such as ’I’m afraid I have to disagree with you there’. So, there is no secret to successful small talk. Just follow these simple rules and you’ll soon find that you can hold a pleasant conversation with anybody about anything.

1.2. Задания на восстановление в тесте пропущенных частей предложений (Gapped text)

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предло­жений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1— 7лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие ча­сти предложения, в таблицу.

In fighting organized crime, the police often make use of undercover police officers who A_____. The life of these undercover police officers is a lonely and dangerous one. Sometimes, things can go badly wrong. In one case, the police attempted to trap a gang of drug dealers working in Spain. For five years, undercover police officers helped the drug dealers launder about $15 million through a false company. In this way, the police were able to В______ . However, when the police arrested the gang members and the case came to court, the British judge said that the police had acted illegally and С______ . The cost of this failed police operation was $25 million. Undercover police officers face terrible danger. One former undercover policeman, Liam Thomas, told the Guardian newspaper that after 12 years in the job he was «like a broken biscuit». The pressure of hiding his real identity and working with violent criminals D_______ . Undercover police officers are supposed E_______ to see that they are not suffering. But Mark Kennedy, an agent who worked under cover in environmental activist groups, says that these psychological checks aren’t as frequent as they should be. Sometimes agents work undercover in the same group for too long. Then there is a serious risk that F__________ , as happened in Kennedy’s case.

1. have infiltrated the gang

2. get more information about the gang

3. stay a long time in a group

4. caused him to suffer a mental breakdown

5. to have frequent psychological checks

6. their true identity will be discovered

7. the criminals went free

1. Задания на множественный выбор (Multiple Choice)

Out I went into the night. The wind was still moaning in the distance, though never a breath of it came near the house of Shaws. It had fallen blacker than ever; and I was glad to feel along the wall, till I came the length of the stair-tower door at the far end of the unfinished wing. I had put the key into the keyhole and had just turned it, when all upon a sudden, without sound of wind or thunder, the whole sky lighted up with wild fire and went black again.

1. had to put my hand over my eyes to get back to the colour of the darkness; and indeed I was already half blinded when I stepped into the tower.

It was so dark inside but I pushed out with foot and hand, and presently struck the wall with the one, and the lowest step with the other. The wall, by the touch, was of fine hewn stone; the steps were steep and narrow. Minding my uncle’s word about the handrails, I kept close to the tower side and felt my way in the darkness with a beating heart.

The house of Shaws stood some five full storeys high, not counting lofts. Well, as I advanced, it seemed to me the air was getting fresher and the darkness began dispersing. I was wondering what might be the cause of this change, when a second blink of the summer lightning came and went. If I did not cry out, it was because fear had me by the throat; and if I did not fall, it was more by Heaven’s mercy than my own strength. A rapid flash was enough to notice that there were deep gaps between the tower wall and the stairs from both sides at that, and that one of my feet rested that moment within two inches of the gap.

This was the grand stair! A gust of a kind of angry courage came into my heart. My uncle had sent me here, certainly to run great risks, perhaps to die. I swore to find out if he had done that intentionally. The oath got me down upon my hands and knees; and as slowly as a snail, feeling before me every inch, and testing the solidity of every stone, I continued to ascend the stair.

The darkness, by contrast with the flash, appeared to have redoubled. A great stir of bats in the top part of the tower flying downwards sometimes beat about my face and body.

The tower, I should have said, was square; and in every comer the step was made of a great stone of a different shape to join the flights. Well, I had come close to one of these turns, when, feeling forward as usual, my hand slipped upon an edge and found nothing but emptiness beyond it. The stair had been carried no higher; to make a stranger climb it in the darkness was to send him straight to his death; and (although, thanks to the lightning and my own precautions, I was safe enough) the mere thought of the dreadful height I might have fallen from, brought out the sweat upon my body and relaxed my joints.

But I knew what I wanted now, and turned and groped my way down again, with a wonderful anger in my heart. About half-way down, the wind sprang up in a clap and shook the tower, the rain followed; and before I had reached the ground level it fell in buckets. I put out my head into the storm, and looked along towards the house. A blinding flash showed me my uncle plainly. He couldn’t see me but was seized on by a kind of panic fear. He ran into the house and left the door open behind him. I followed as softly as I could, and, coming unheard into the kitchen, stood and watched him.

11 The author was able to move along the wall in the darkness ------------.

1. with the help of the wind

2. touching the wall with his hands

3. using a lantern

4. with the help of the handrails

12The author put his hands over his eyes because---------- .

1. the lightning was too bright and hurt his eyes

2. the lightning frightened him

3. something got into his eye

4. the wind was too strong

13 The author didn’t fall down in the dark tower

1) due to his strength

2) due to the handrails

3) due to the lantern

4) just by a lucky chance

14 The author was going to find out------------ .

1. if his uncle wanted him to die

2. if his uncle wanted to help him

3. if his uncle was somewhere near him

4. if his uncle was crazy

15 I The author had to turn back and descent the stair because------- .

1. bats frightened him

2. the darkness seemed to have redoubled

3. the steps were of different shape

4. the steps ended

16 Descending the stairs the author was full of------------ .

1. curiosity

2. joy

1. rage

2. courage

17 The author went to the house----------- .

1. hoping to hide there

2. wishing to get warm there

3. trying not to be noticed

4. trying to avoid a chase

3- Раздел 1. Чтение

1. Задания на множественные соответствия (Multiple Matching)

1. Unlucky marriage

2. Mainly care

3. Closer to the heart

4. Severe to everyone

5. Broken hopes

6. Disappointed appearance

7. Bloody end

8. Brilliant beginning

A. Henry VIII was born in 1491 and became king of England and Wales in 1509. When he came to the throne he seemed to have everything — he was tall, handsome, good at hunting, and also religious and musical — he composed several songs including the famous Greensleeves. He was also happily married to his new wife Catherine of Aragon. But Henry wanted a son to be his heir, and was prepared to do anything to get what he wanted . He broke with the Catholic Church in order to divorce Catherine, and he married five more times, although his marriages were mostly unsuccessful.

B. Henry’s first wife was Catherine of Aragon. She was the daughter of the king and queen of Spain, so it was really a political marriage. They got married in 1509 when she was 24 and he was only 18.King Henry desperately needed a son, a son who would keep his family in power for another generation. But although Catherine got pregnant many times, the babies never survived. Years passed and finally she had a baby daughter called Mary. But Henry wanted a son, and by this time, Catherine was too old to have more children. Henry now fell madly in love with Anne Boleyn, one of the Catherine’s ladies-in-waiting, and he wanted a divorce from Catherine, but the Pope wouldn’t give him one. Henry broke off relations with the Catholic Church and declared his marriage to Catherine illegal.

C. Henry’s second wife was Anny Boleyn. She was a woman who men found very attractive, and Henry was no exception. Ann was a very clever woman, and an ambitious too. She made it clear to Henry that she wanted to be his queen, not just his lover. In the end she got what she wanted in 1533.But their marriage only lasted three years. A few months after the wedding Ann gave birth to a daughter, Elizabeth, who would later become the queen of England. Soon the relations between her and Henry began to deteriorate. She was arrested, accused of adultery. On May 19th 1536 she was beheaded outside the Tower of London.

D. Jane Seymour was Henry’s third wife. They were married just two weeks after Anne’s execution. She was the woman that Henry loved most, and during their short marriage he was a devoted husband. In 1537 she gave birth to a son, Prince Edward. But Jane got ill after the birth, and just two weeks later she died. Although they had only been married for two years, Henry left instructions that when he died he was to be buried next to her.

E. Henry’s fourth wife was Anne of Cleves, she was a German princess. He needed to remarry mostly for political reasons. Henry had seen only Anne’s portrait and he liked her. But unfortunately the painter had exaggerated Anne’s beauty, and when Henry met her in person, just before their wedding, he didn’t find her attractive at all, in fact he thought she looked like a horse. The King was furious, but it was too late to cancel the wedding. But Henry and Anne never slept together, and Henry used this as a reason for their divorce after less than six months of marriage.

F. Henry’s last wife was Katherine Parr. Henry was now 52, a lonely old man, but still with a terrifying personality. When Henry met her, she was in love with another man. But of course she could not say no to the king. Katherine was a mature intelligent woman of 31, she must have been more of a nurse than a wife as Henry was now in very bad health. The marriage lasted four years.

G. Henry VIII had a very bad temper and he could be extremely cruel to people who opposed him or disagreed with him, as all of his wives discovered. As he grew older he became even more terrifying. He had a painful ulcer on his leg and was so overweight that a machine had to drag him upstairs. He died in 1547, aged 55.

1.2. Задания на восстановление в тесте пропущенных частей предложений (Gapped text)

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предло­жений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1— 7лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие ча­сти предложения, в таблицу.

Evolution

The theory of evolution says that all living things on Earth, A_________ , come from a common ancestor by slowly changing down the generations. Darwin suggested that the way living things changed over time is through natural selection. This is the better survival and reproduction of those В ______.Fitting into the place where you live is called adapting. Those who fit best into the place where they live, the best adapted, have the best chance to survive and breed. Those who are less well-adapted С_______. If they do not survive well enough to raise young, that means they do not pass on their genes. In this way, the species gradually changes.The first chapter of the Origin deals with domesticated animals, D________. Darwin reminded readers of the huge changes mankind had made in its domestic animals, which were once wild species. The changes were brought about by selective breeding — choosing animals with desirable characters to breed from. This had been done generation after generation, E ______. Perhaps what man had done deliberately, might happen in nature, where some would leave more offspring than others. Darwin noticed that although young plants or animals are very similar to their .parents, F_______ and there is always a range of shape, size, colour and so on. Some of these differences the plant or animal may have got from their own ancestors, but some are new and caused by mutations.

1. including plants, animals and microbes

2. tend not to survive

3. such as cattle and dogs

4. it would have a better chance to survive

5. that best fit their environment

6. no two are exactly the same

7. until our modern breeds were produced

1. Задания на множественный выбор (Multiple Choice)

I was born on Clinton Street in the Lower East Side. I was the next to youngest of six children, two boys, four girls. The two boys, Harry and Willy, were the oldest. My father was a musician, a violinist. He always made a good living. He and my mother had met in Russia and they married there, and then emigrated. My mother came from a family of musicians as well; that is how, in the course of things, she and my father had met. Some of her cousins were very well known in Russia; one, a cellist, had even played for the Tsar. My mother was a very beautiful woman, petite, with long golden hair and the palest, blue eyes. My father used to say to us, ‘You think, you girls, you’re beautiful? You should have seen your mother when she and her sisters walked down the street in our village. Every head turned, they were so slim, their bearing so elegant.’ I suppose he did not want us to get conceited.

I was four when we moved up to the Bronx, a big apartment near Claremont Park. I was a good student, I went to primary school on Washington Avenue; when I was graduated from there I went to Morris High School. I completed all my courses and graduated, and reenrolled to take the program of commercial courses there and got enough credits to graduate all over again if I chose. I knew now how to type, how to keep books, I knew shorthand. I was very ambitious. I had paid for my own piano lessons by playing for silent movies. I watched the screen and improvised. My brother Harry or my father used to sit right behind me to see that nobody bothered me; movie houses were still primitive and they attracted a bad element. After

my courses, I found a job as private secretary to a well-known businessman and philanthropist named Sigmund Unterberg. He had made his money in the shirt business and now spent a good deal of his time doing work for Jewish organizations, social welfare, that kind of thing.

I was a good secretary, Mr Unterberg would dictate a letter to me and I could take it right on the typewriter, without an error, and so when he was finished I was finished and the letter was ready for him to sign. He thought I was wonderful. His wife was a lovely woman and used to invite me to tea with them, to socialize with them. I suppose I was by now nineteen or twenty. They introduced me to one or two young men, but I never liked them.

I by now was interested in my future husband. We had known each other since high school. He was extremely handsome, dashing, he was a good athlete; in fact, that’s how I met him, on the tennis courts, there were clay courts on Morris Avenue and 170^t/l Street and we were each playing there. You played tennis in long skirts in those days. I was a good tennis player, I loved sports, and that’s how we met. He walked me home.

My mother did not like Dave. She thought he was too wild. If I went out with another boy he would ruin the date. He would hang around outside our house even if we hadn’t arranged to do anything together and when he saw another boy coming to pick me up he’d do terrible things, he’d pick a fight, or stop us and talk when I was with this other boy. He would warn the other boys to treat me with respect or he would come after them.

11The author had-------- in her family.

1. four brothers and two sisters

2. four brothers and a sister

3. two brothers and three sisters

4. one brother and four sisters

12 Her father was a musician and the children------ .

1. lived in poverty

2. had all that was necessary for living

3. seldom saw their father at home

4. dreamt of musical career

13When the authors father told the daughters about the beauty of their mother, he wanted them .

1. not to be very boastful of their prettiness

2. to be proud of their mother

3. to pay more attention to their appearance

4. to be confused

1. I After school the author earned money---- .

1. typing

2. 2) keeping books

1. doing shorthand

2. 4) playing for silent movies

1. Her brother and father used to be near her in the movie house in order----------.

1. to protect her from bad guys

2. to assist her

3. to watch a new film

4. to make sure she wouldn’t be cheated

16 Mr Unterberg’s wife was------with the author.

1. hostile

2. rude

1. friendly

2. 4) arrogant

17 The author’s mother did not like Dave because------------- .

1. he was silly

2. he was hot-tempered

3. he came from a poor family

4. he was rude

4- Раздел 1. Чтение

1. Задания на множественные соответствия (Multiple Matching)

1. Why men can’t find things

2. The parts of female brain can work simultaneously

3. Our brains work differently

4. Women are better at running the house

5. Some professions suit only for men or women

6. The man’s brains work quickly

7. The developing of our abilities

8. You should trust driving to the men

A. During the last fifty years psychologists have made us believe that differences between men and women are mainly the result of traditional social ’conditioning’, i.e. the way we are brought up. According to this theory women can be trained to do jobs that men traditionally do, and men can and should become more domesticated. But as the recent scientific research says, gender differences exist because men’s and women’s brains work completely differently and their biological differences mean that they can never think or believe in the same way.

B. In prehistoric times men hunted for food, often alone, and women looked after the children, usually with other women. Men needed to be able to find and kill animals. Women needed the ability to protect the home, to do several things simultaneously and have good communication skills on with the other women. As a result, men’s brains developed better spatial ability and programmed to focus on one specific task. Women developed more connections between the two sides of the brain, which led to be better at doing several things at once.

C. Because the two sides of woman’s brain are better connected, women are generally more talkative and more fluent that men. On average women speak 6800 words a day, and men only 2 400! Women solve problems by talking about them, and in a crisis will usually want to discuss the situation and their feelings, while men tend to interrupt and offer solutions, which isn’t what women want at all. This fundamental difference is one of the main causes of the conflicts in male and female relationships.

D. A man sees driving as a test of his spatial abilities — he enjoys driving fast and showing off and consequently has more accidents than women. On the other hand, generally speaking, men are much less likely to get lost when driving because of their well-developed sense of direction. For women driving is mainly about getting safely from A to B, and they have more difficulties in reading maps. They also find parking a car in a small space more difficult and have more trouble distinguishing left from right.

E. Organizing a house involves doing several things at the same time, and women’s brains make them generally better at it than men. In an experiment for British TV six men and six women had to make coffee, wash up, make toast, take a phone message and pack a briefcase in ten minutes. With one exception the men were all worse than the women. They are worse at seeing details which means they usually don’t even notice that the house is dirty or in mess.

F. Men have inherited their ancestor’s long distance ’tunnel’ vision which was vital for hunting. They can see well and far in one direction but they don’t see things on either side, and they don’t see as well as women close up. This explains why men can never find things in fridges, cupboards and drawers. Women have much wider peripheral vision than men which explains why a woman always seems to find what a man just cannot see.

G. Although some jobs today are still dominated by one or other sex, it is not because of sexual discrimination but basically because men and women are attracted to different jobs. It is logical that men are attracted to careers where spatial skills are vital, such as engineering, architecture, construction and flying. On the other hand, women has superior verbal skills, and they also excel in jobs that require good organizational skills.

1.2. Задания на восстановление в тесте пропущенных частей предложений (Gapped text)

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предло­жений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1— 7лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие ча­сти предложения, в таблицу.

Being celebrity-thin can ruin your health

Celebrities may feel they need to be slimmer than ever, but staying super- thin can seriously damage your health. Nutritionist Juliette Kellow warns that maintaining a reed-thin physique can pave the way for future illnesses. People

who take slimming-down too far A __. If food intake is low, it’s more likely you will be lacking in vitamins and minerals. ‘The body will try to protect itself and direct any nutrients available to vital areas rather than hair and nails,’ explains Juliette. ‘So looks start to suffer and you could lose that healthy glow, so highly prized in Hollywood.’ Stars who cut out dairy products are laying themselves open to future bone problems. Calcium and nutrient deficiencies can encourage the bone-thinning disease osteoporosis. Also, the lighter a person is, В--------. ‘That’s why it’good to do weight-bearing and aerobic exercises in the gym,’ says Juliette. The body’s immune system can suffer the effects of nutrient deficiencies.

You have less ability to fight off colds, flu and bugs, and so С ---------. ‘Underweight people would need to eat immunity-boosting foods such as red peppers, berries and citrus fruits. They would also need to increase their zinc intake to help fight infection,’ says Juliette. Lack of calories can mean lack of energy. The body converts calories into energy and without them it simply does not have enough fuel to run on. Just getting through the day can be an ordeal. D-----------If there’s not enough food moving round the body, it could lead to a sluggish digestive system, discomfort and bloating. Low levels of iron mean you’re not making enough hemoglobin - responsible for red blood cells and transporting oxygen round the body. ‘People on a diet are probably E------------, such as fortified breakfast cereals, red meat, oily fish, leafy green vegetables, nuts and seeds,’ says Juliette.

Forty per cent of women under 34 in the UK were shown to be at risk of anaemia due to iron deficiency. Symptoms include tiredness, weakness, dizziness, paleness of skin, brittle nails and headaches. But the deficiency can play a part F--------such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and other infections.

1. become more susceptible to infection

2. you could feel tired all the time

3. more likely to skip foods rich in iron

4. could develop some serious deseases

5. in leading to chronic illnesses

6. in helping to lead a healthy way of life

7. the less weight stress there is on the bones

1. Задания на множественный выбор (Multiple Choice)

A full thirty years ago, I myself was fifteen. That is not really important, though it was important to me at the time, on the threshold of superb adult world. More important to this story, my uncle Octavian was then a rich man.

He was a charming host whose villa on the Riviera was an accepted meeting of the great. And he was a hospitable, contented, and most amiable man — until January 3rc*, 1925.

There was nothing special about that day in the life of my uncle Octavian, except that it was his fifty-fifth birthday. As usual on such day, he was giving a dinner party, a party for twenty people. All of them were old friends. I, myself, aged fifteen, was deeply privileged, I was staying with my uncle at his exquisite villa, and as a special concession on this happy day, I was allowed to come down to dinner. It was exciting to me to be admitted to such company, which included a newspaper proprietor and his fabulous American wife; a recent prime minister of France and a Habsburg prince and princess of exceptional eloquence.

At that age, on holiday from school, you will guess that I was staggered. Even today, thirty years later, one may fairly admit that the company was distinguished. But I should also stress that they were all old and intimate friends of my uncle Octavian.Towards the end of a wonderful dinner when dessert had been brought in and the servants had left, my uncle learnt forward to admire a magnificent diamond ring on the princess’ hand. Across the table the newspaper proprietor leant across and said: ‘May I also have a look, Therese?’ She smiled and nodded. Then she took off the ring and held it out to him. There exclamations of delight and admiration. The ring was passed from hand to hand.

It was some twenty minutes later when the princess stood up, giving the signal to the ladies to withdraw. She looked round us with a pleasant smile. Then she said: ‘Before we leave you, may I have my ring back?’

I remember my uncle Octavian murmuring: ‘Ah, yes — that wonderful ring!’ Then there was a pause while each of us looked expectantly at his neighbor. Then there was an aggravating silence. The princess was still smiling, though less easily. She was unused to asking for things twice.

When no one responded and the silence continued I still thought that it could only be a practical joke and that one of us — probably the prince himself — would produce the ring with a laugh, perhaps chiding her for her nonchalance. But when nothing happened at all, I knew that the rest of the night would be wretched. I am sure that you can guess the sort of scene that followed. There was the dismay, immediate and shattering, of the guests — all of them old and intimate friends. There was the freezing politeness of the prince, the near-tears of the princess. There were the demands to be searched, the overturning of chairs, the minute scrutiny of the carpet, and then the whole room.

All these things happened, but they didn’t bring the princess’ ring back again. It had vanished. Uncle Octavian’s face was pale and tremendously tense, as if he had been dealt a mortal blow. No servants had entered the room. No one had left it for a moment. The thief was one of us; one of my uncle Octavian’s cherished friends.

11 The author tells us a story which happened------ .

1. at his dinner party

2. at his fifteenth birthday party

1. at his uncle’s birthday party

2. 4) at his uncle’s friends’ villa

12 This event absolutely changed------.

16 The princess went on smiling because---------- .

1. it was funny joke

2. she tried to show good manners

3. she was afraid

4. she gave the signal that way

17 The ring vanished because------------ .

1. one of the uncle’s friend stole it.

2. the servant stole it

3. it was lost in the room

4. the princess lost it in the room

5- Раздел 1. Чтение

1. Задания на множественные соответствия (Multiple Matching)

The History of Sudoku

1. The modern game version

2. The way to develop your ability

3. The origin inventors

4. Conquering the British minds

5. Surprising appearance

6. The multinational invention

7. The author of game’s name

8. The captured world

A. Sudoku has a fascinating history. ’Su’ means number in Japanese, and ’Doku’ refers to the single place on the puzzle board that each number can fit into. Although its name is Japanese, the puzzle’s origins are actually European and American, and the game represents the best in cross-cultural fertilization. Unlike many games which spring from one culture and are then absorbed by others, Sudoku’s development reveals it to be a true hybrid creation.

B. The 18th century Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler apparently developed the concept of ’Latin Squares’ where numbers in a grid appear only once, across and up and down. In the late 1970s, Dell Magazines in the United States began publishing what we now call Sudoku puzzles using Euler’s concept with a 9 by 9 square grid. They called it Number Place, and it was developed by an independent puzzle maker, Howard Gardens.

C. In the mid-1980s, the president of Japanese puzzle giant Nikoli Inc., Mr.Maki Kaji, urged the company to publish a version of the puzzle that became a huge hit in that country. Nikoli gave the game its current name and helped refine it by restricting the number of revealed or given numbers to 30 and having them appear symmetrically. Afterwards the game became increasingly popular in Japan and started becoming a fixture in daily newspapers and magazines.

D. Almost two decades passed before the game was taken up by The Times newspaper in London as a daily puzzle. This development was due to the efforts of Wayne Gould. Knowing that British newspapers have a long history of publishing crosswords and other puzzles, he promoted Sudoku to The Times in Britain. In autumn of 2004, he was able to convince The Times to start publishing daily Sudoku puzzles developed using his software. Within a few months, other British newspapers began publishing their own Sudoku puzzles.

E. Once again, Sudoku’s popularity crossed the ocean. By the summer of 2005, major newspapers in the United States were also offering Sudoku puzzles like they would daily crossword puzzles. It is interesting to note that while software is critical to being able to supply the growing demands for Sudoku puzzles, as it can take hours of processingtime to generate one unique puzzle, it was old media in the form of newspapers that have done so much to encourage the spread of Sudoku around the world.

F. Sudoku software is very popular on PCs, websites and mobile phones. Software has also been released on video game consoles, such as the Game Boy Advance, Xbox Live Arcade, the Nooke-book reader, several iPod models and the iPhone. Critically and commercially well received, it generated particular praise for its Sudoku implementation and sold more than 8 million copies worldwide.

G. Where this rapidly developing fad leads to, no one can tell. What is clear though is that Sudoku is a fun and challenging way for people of any age and culture to hone their logical and deductive abilities. Who knows, played often enough, Sudoku may help make the human race a tiny bit smarter.

1.2. Задания на восстановление в тесте пропущенных частей предложений (Gapped text)

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предло­жений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1— 7лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие ча­сти предложения, в таблицу.

Why they came.

Major changes in the pattern of immigration have been caused by wars, revolutions, periods of starvation, persecutions, religious intoleration, and in short, by any number of disasters A--------- America was a better place to be. More than a million Irish, for instance, immigrated to America between 1846 and 1851 in order to escape starvation and disease in Ireland. В---------, large number of other Europeans fled political persecution. In the 1870-s another wave of refugees left the political turmoil of eastern and southern Europe to seek freedom and a future in America. The largest streams of European immigrants came between 1900 and 1920, that is before, after and during World War I. At other times, for example, С ------ , smaller numbers of immigrants came to the US. Since the 1960-s more and more people have fled the poverty and wars in Asia and Latin America in the hope of finding a better life in the United States. There is, of course, D------- and racial variety, one that Americans, more than other people, are aware of. The first slaves brought to what is today the United States arrived in Virginia on a board of a Dutch ship in 1619. On the eve of the American Revolution E---------- what was shortly to be the United States of America. In 1776 probably about a fifth of all inhabitants in the British colonies in America were Negro slaves. Between 1777 and 1804 all states in the new republic north of Maryland abolished slavery. However, neither the North nor the South would escape the grave social, economic, political and moral problems F---------- . Although the Civil War (1861—1865) brought the end to slavery in all of the states, discrimination against Blacks would continue.

1. during the Depression and during World War II

2. that are the heritage of slavery

3. which led to believe that

4. are not welcomed by all Americans

5. another side to American’s ethnic pluralism

6. during the same period of time

7. slavery was already firmly established in

1. Задания на множественный выбор (Multiple Choice)

Dream job turns into nightmare

It was advertised as the best job in the world. And it certainly looked good. You would be paid ($189,000 for six months) to surf, sail and swim. The job came with a beachside mansion, with its own swimming pool, and fantastic view of the ocean. All you had to do was look after tiny Hamilton Island, A----------

Duties included feeding the fish, and writing a blog of your experiences to help encourage tourism in the area. There were more than 34,000 applicants for the job from all over the world, so Ben Southall was delighted В--------.But as it turned out, it wasn’t quite the dream job that some people might have expected. Firstly, it was incredibly busy. Ben found himself working seven days a week and up to nineteen hours a day. С, with promotional events, press conferences, training courses and administrative duties. ‘It has been very busy, busier than most people would have imagined, and certainly busier than I had imagined.’ Mr Southall told reporters when he finished his contract.In fact, during his six months, D , made forty seven video diaries,and gave more than 250 media interviews — including a chat with popular US TV host Oprah Winfrey. He also posted more than 75,000 words in sixty separate blogs, uploaded more than 2,000 photos, and ’tweeted’ more than 730 times.

That didn’t leave much time for surfing, sailing or simply relaxing and enjoying the sea views. And when he did get the chance to try out his water sport, things didn’t always go well. On one trip, Ben was stung by a deadly jellyfish. The Irukandji jellyfish are transparent and very small, E .It was enjoying a post Christmas session with some friends at a quiet beach on Hamilton Island and as I climbed off the back of the ski and onto the beach, felt a small bee like sting on my forearm.’ Mr Southall wrote on his blog. Within thirty minutes, Ben was feeling the venom. He was hot and sweaty, with headaches and pains in the chest, and high blood pressure. Ben had to be rushed to a doctor who diagnosed the symptoms and gave him some medication. Luckily, Ben was fine, F--------- . On the blog he wrote, ’This was not what I’d wanted at all — I’m supposed to be relaxing in my last few days on Hamilton Island’. Ben was lucky to survive.

It seemed impossible that anyone should be unhappy on such a beautiful morning. Nobody was, decided Edna, except herself. The windows were flung wide in the houses. From within there came the sound of pianos, little hands chased after each other and ran away from each other, practicing scales. The trees fluttered in the sunny gardens, all bright with spring flowers. Street boys whistled, a little dog barked; people passed by, walking so lightly, so swiftly, they looked as though they wanted to break into a run. Now she actually saw in the distance a parasol (an umbrella which protects from the sun), peach- coloured, the first parasol of the year. Perhaps even Edna did not look quite as unhappy as she felt. It is not easy to look tragic at eighteen, when you are extremely pretty, with the cheeks and lips and shining eyes of perfect health. Above all, when you are wearing a French blue frock and your new spring hat trimmed with cornflowers. True, she carried under her arm a book bound in horrid black leather. Perhaps the book provided a gloomy note, but only by accident; it was the ordinary Library binding. For Edna had made going to the Library an excuse for getting out of the house to think, to realize what had happened, to decide somehow what was to be done. An awful thing had happened. Quite suddenly, at the theatre last night, when she and Jimmy were seating side by side in the dress-circle, without a moment’s warning — in fact, she had just finished a chocolate almond and passed the box to him again — she had fallen in love with an actor. But — fallen in — love...

The feeling was unlike anything she had ever imagined before. It wasn’t in the least pleasant. It was hardly thrilling. It was — really, it was absolutely— oh, the most — it was simply — in fact, from that moment Edna knew that life could never be the same. She drew her hand away from Jimmy’s leaned back, and shut the chocolate box forever. This at last was love.

Edna and Jimmy were engaged. She had had her hair up for a year and a half; they had been publicly engaged for a year. But, they had known they were going to marry each other ever since they walked in the Botanical Gardens with their nurses, and sat on the grass with a wine biscuit and a piece of barley - sugar each for their tea. It was so much an accepted thing that Edna had worn a wonderfully good imitation of an engagement-ring out of a cracker all the time she was at school. And up till now they had been devoted to each other.

But now it was over. It was so completely over that Edna found it difficult to believe that Jimmy did not realize it too. How much better to know it now than to wait until after they were married! Now it was possible that Jimmy would get over it. No, it was no use deceiving herself; he would never get over it! His life was wrecked, was ruined; that was inevitable. But he was young...

11 It was wonderful spring day----------- .

1) Edna felt very exciting.

2) Edna thought everyone was sad.

3) everyone was happy besides Edna.

4) everybody was happy.

12 She was very nice girl--------------.

1) In spite of her sadness

2) Because of her up-to-date clothes

3) Thank for good weather

4) Because of her age

13 Edna went out because she---------------- .

1. wanted to understand herself.

2. was going to the library.

3. borrowed a book from the library.

4. had decided to do it before.

14 The feeling of love was------------ for Edna.

1. familiar

2. absolutely new

1. unpleasant

2. enjoyable

15 What was the relationship between Edna and Jimmy?

1. Edna had known Jimmy since childhood

2. Edna and Jimmy had been married for a year

3. Edna and Jimmy had loved each other for year and a half

4. Edna had broken up with Jimmy

1. I Edna thought---------.

1. Jimmy understood everything

2. 2) Jimmy suspected her

1. Jimmy couldn’t believe her

2. 4) Jimmy noticed nothing

1. I Edna worried that her behavior ---------.

1. would break the engagement

2. would ruin him

3. could finish their relationship

4. could be taken by him easily